Functional Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Insertion

A

Is attached to the bone which moves more when the muscle contracts.
The insertion of a muscle is the point which is usually at the distal end

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2
Q

Motor neuron

A

Refers to neurons located in the central nervous system that project their axon outside the CNS and directly or indirectly control muscles
- responsible for carrying impulses away from the spinal cord and brain to the muscle or glands.

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3
Q

Motor unit

A

Refers to the single motor neuron and all the corresponding muscle fibres it innervates.

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4
Q

All or nothing principal

A

Determined whether the signal from the brain is above or below the threshold required for contraction. Muscle fibres in a motor unit will contract with 100% force or none at all. To increase the strength of contraction the brain simply sends more signals resulting in the recruitment of more motor units

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5
Q

Characteristics of type 2 A fast twitch muscle fibres

A
Fast contraction speed used for speed endurance activities 
Moderate force of contraction
Fatigue resistance 
Large motor neuron 
Moderate oxidative density 
High glycoltic capacity 
Fuel source: CP and glycogen 
Intermediate capillary density
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6
Q

Characteristics of type 2 B fast twitch

A
Very fast contraction 
Very large motor neuron 
Low resistance to fatigue 
Very high force production 
Low capillary density 
Low oxidative destiny 
High glycoltic capacity 
Fuel source cp and glycogen
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7
Q

Characteristics of slow twitch

A
Slow contraction speed 
Small motor neuron 
High resistance to fatigue 
Low force production 
High capillary density 
High oxidative density 
Fuel source: trigylcerides and glycogen
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8
Q

Force velocity

A

Muscle can create an increase amount of force with decreased velocity with concentric action
Muscle can create a increase amount of force with increased force and a increased amount of velocity with eccentric contraction

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9
Q

Isotonic forces

A

Isotonic forces- is one which results in a change in the length of a muscle performed against a constant lead
Eccentric contraction
Concentric contraction

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10
Q

Concentric muscle contraction

A

Results in the shortening of the muscles length. It occurs when you apply a force against the direction of gravity

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11
Q

Eccentric muscle contraction

A

A muscle contraction that results in an increased length of the muscle. A muscle lengthens when resisting the force of gravity

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12
Q

Isokinetic force

A

Is one which results in a change in the length of a muscle, however is performed against a varying load. This requires expensive specialised equipment to ensure the speed of muscular contraction remains constant

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13
Q

Isometric contractions

A

If the muscle length does not change then a isometric contraction is being applied

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14
Q

Force length

A

The length of a muscle affects how well it creates tension

Max tension created in the muscle fibre occurs at slightly greater than resting length

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15
Q

Force time

A

Also referred to as electromechanical delay (EMD)
It’s is not possible for muscle to produce maximal forces instantaneously and there is a time lapse before maximum force can be produced
White fibres have lower EMD than red and can produce peak force faster than red fibres

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16
Q

Origin

A

The origin of a muscle is the attachment onto the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts. The origin is usually at the proximal end