Sports Psychology

Question 1

SCAMS And GRIPS

Answer 1

Stress Goal setting
Concentration Relaxation
Arouser Imagery
Motivation Performance routine
Self-confidence Self-talk

Question 2

Self-confidence

Answer 2

the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour. Performers who lack confidence are generally hampered by doubts about their ability and consequently, dwell on their negative thoughts.

Question 3

Concentration:

Answer 3

is the ability to focus on the task at hand, that is, on relevant cues, while at the same time blocking out any irrelevant cues or distractions

Question 4

Nedifer’s model

Answer 4

External
Internal
Broad
Wide

Question 5

Distractors

Answer 5

Internal distractors: internal overload is due to too many coaching points or feelings that there is too much at stake
•	Past events
•	Future events
•	Pressure of competition
•	Fatigue
External distractors: external overload is when there are too many distractions
•	Visual
•	Auditory
•	Gamesmanship

Question 6

Arousal:

Answer 6

High: over arouses will over work
Optimal level: where it should be
Low: very low will not work

Question 7

Motivation

Answer 7

Extrinsic motivation: comes from sources external to you (e.g. prize money, trophy, praise)
Intrinsic motivation: come from within you (e.g. enjoyment of participating, satisfaction of performance)

Question 8

Stress:

Answer 8

Event importance: the more important an event, the greater stress it induces (e.g. grand final as opposed to training)
Uncertainty: the greater the uncertainty of an outcome the more stress
Personal sources: a person’s personality
Pressure:
• Personal pressure: imposed by athletes own desire to achieve goals
• Competition pressure: exerted by athletes opponent(s)
• Social pressure: from coaches, peers, parents and others who are significant to athlete
• Physical pressure: the requirement to perform learned skills in a competitive environment

Question 9

Enhancing mental skills:

Answer 9

GRIPS

Question 10

Goal setting:

Answer 10

Short term goals: can be achieved in a limited time period
Long term goals: can be achieved only over a long period of time
Specific: clearly indicate what you want to achieve
Measurable: quantifiable in terms of a score, time or distance that can be recorded
Attainable: achievable
Realistic: achievable
Timely: specific within a time frame (e.g. three months)
Effective: capable of delivering the results
Reviewed: necessary adjustments

Question 11

Relaxation:

Answer 11

Progressive muscle relaxation: tensing one muscle group at a time for about 10seconds, followed by the release of tension (over-arousal)
Meditation: selective attention on certain cues (prior to game-pre completion anxiety)
Self-hypnosis: being responsive to suggestions
Breathing

Question 12

Imagery:

Answer 12

Kinaesthetic: to gain sensory impressions regarding the body’s movement and position
Visual: to watch the positioning of your opponent as you come up to serve
Auditory: to monitor the way in which the playing equipment sounds
Tactical: to feel how the equipment site in your hands
Internal: skill from within your own body
External: perspective of external viewer
Effective: imagery must be vivid

Question 13

Performance routines

Answer 13

the can be either pre-performance, in-play routines or post-performance routines. It effectively focuses your attention and regulates your arousal

Question 14

Self-talk:

Answer 14

Positive self-talk: motivational, to keep you focused and confident or instructional, to remind yourself of a particular aspect or technique
Negative self-talk: is critical and demeaning, causes doubt