Long term effects of training on the body Flashcards
Long-term effects of training on the body
- Muscle hypertrophy
- Cardiac Hypertrophy
- Increased blood volume and haemoglobin
- Increased ATP-PC system
- Increased lung capacity
- Increased flexibility
- Increased ATP-CP storage
Muscle hypertrophy
an increase in the number and size of myofibrils per muscle fibre. Strenuous activity causes muscles to tear and the brain recognizes the need for bigger muscles. Therefore, the force muscles can exert is increased and also the speed of muscle contraction.
Cardiac Hypertrophy
the result of an increased size and strength of the heart muscle as a result of regular aerobic exercise. This means that the heart can pump out more blood with each beat and rest for longer periods between beats. Therefore trained athletes have lower heart rates.
Increased blood volume and haemoglobin
An increase in plasma volume and red blood cell count simulated by exercise. More oxygen can be transferred to the working muscles and carbon dioxide can be removed more rapidly. Therefore, the effectiveness of oxygen delivery and waste removal are improved.
Increased ATP-CP system capacity
this is a result of increased stores of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Creatine phosphate (CP). This means that more immediate energy is available to the working muscles.
Increased lung capacity
the result of greater efficiency of the muscles contracting inspiration and expiration. This means more air can be breathed in with each inspiration, making more oxygen available to the working muscles. More carbon dioxide can also be removed more rapidly, delaying the onset of fatigue.
Increased flexibility
this is the result in the increased resting length of the ligament, muscles and tendons and therefore, increase the range of joint movements at specific points.
Increased oxygen extraction
A greater quantity of oxygen is extracted from circulatory blood, as a result of increased cardiac output and an enhanced capacity of the muscles to extract
Blood pressure approximates normal
training has the effect of decreasing blood pressure except for individuals with low blood pressure, in which it raise blood pressure. The heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood around the body.
A faster rate of recovery after exercise
an increase in size and number of vessels carrying blood to and from the working muscles, meaning muscles have a plentiful supply of oxygen and their waste products can be removed more quickly.
Greater Anaerobic capacity
More intense high-speed activities can be performed for longer periods of time before muscles become fatigued. A result of muscle hypertrophy as more adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate can be stored to give a larger supply of rapid energy.
Greater aerobic capacity
A result of improved oxygen to supply to the working muscles, and the efficiency of which the muscles work. This is due to an increase in the amount haemoglobin. An increased ability to oxidise carbohydrates during submaximal exercise, therefore, muscles are able to work at submaximal levels for longer periods of time.
Improved posture:
The result of better muscle tone and increased muscle strength.
