Sports psychology Flashcards
What is the environmental influence continuum
Closed <——> Open
The environmental influence continuum considers the factors that surround the performer as they execute a skill.
- Closed skills= Not affected by environment as they are predictable.
- Open skills= Heavily affected by an unpredictable and changing environment
Examples: Open= Lay up, football tackle Closed= tennis serve, free throw
What is the difficulty continuum?
Basic skill <——> Complex skill
The difficulty continuum considers how complicated skills are, and how much attention and concentration is required to complete them
- Basic skills= requires little concentration to execute, does not include complicated movements
- Complex skills= Requires a lot of attention and concentration, includes complicated movements
Examples: Basic= catching,running Complex= high jump
What is the organisational continuum?
Low organisational <——> High organisational
The organisational continuum considers how tightly knitted together the subroutines are
- Low organisational skills= can be broken down into multiple subroutines that can be practiced separately
- High organisational skills= cannot be broken down easily as seen as whole actions, must be practiced in their entirety.
Examples: Low= long jump, cartwheel High= golf swing
What are the 4 types of guidance
- Visual
- Manual
- Verbal
- Mechanical
What is guidance
Guidance is the information given to someone to help them develop a skill, to improve and optimise their performance
What is visual guidance?
Visual guidance is presented in a form that the performer can look at. It can include anything from the live demonstration to video, film, or poster.
Advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance
Advs:
- Can copy the movement
- Can be done with large groups
- It is good for beginners so they can see what the skill looks like and create a mental image
- It is also good when it is not possible to hear verbal guidance
Disadvs:
- If demonstration is poor incorrect movement learnt
- Time consuming
- Videos are expensive
- Complex movements are difficult to recognise
- If video used unable to ask questions
What is verbal guidance?
Verbal guidance is when a coach describes how to perform a skill or tells a performer something
advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance?
Advs:
- Instructions can be given quickly
- Can be used during a performance
- No equipment is required
- Good for more experienced performers who know what a movement looks like
Disadvs:
- Some movements are difficult to explain
- Relies on the coach’s communication skills being good enough for the performer to understand
- Can be overwhelming if too much information given
What is manual guidance?
Manual guidance involves a coach physically, moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they perform a skill
Advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance
Advs:
- Can get a feel for the movement
- Build’s confidence
- Can help break down the movement into phases
Disadvs:
-The feeling is not actually the same as doing the skill unaided
- Performer can become dependent on the support
- Incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learned
- Can only be used 1 on 1
What is mechanical guidance?
The mechanical guidance takes place when equipment is used to assist in the coaching process.
Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance
Advs:
- Can get a feel for the movement
- Builds confidence
- Reduces danger
Disadvs:
- The feeling is not actually the same as actually doing the skill unaided
- Performer can become dependent on the support
- Incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learned
- Cannot be used in large groups
Intrinsic feedback
Comes from within, it relates to how a movement feels.
- more experienced are more capable of self-assessing and correcting the movement if they know it feels wrong
Extrinsic feedback
Information a performer receives about the performance from a coach
