Applied and Physiology Flashcards
What are the classifications of bone?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Long bone characteristics and example
- Longer than they are wide
- Play key part in leverage
E.g. femur
Short bone characteristics and example
- Box-like shape
- for weight training
E.g. tarsals
Flat bone characteristics and example
- Thin, plate bone that act like a shell
- Provide protection and large surface area - muscles can attach
E.g. cranium
Irregular bone characteristics and examples
- Unusually shaped bone for unique purpose
- Provides protection and large surface area- muscles can attach
E.g. vertebrae
Functions of the skeletal system
- Protection of vital organs
- Joints for movement
- Muscle attachment
- Blood cell production
- Mineral storage
What is tidal volume?
The quantity of air inhaled or exhaled from the lungs per breath
What is vital capacity?
The maximum volume of air exhaled from the lungs following a maximum inhalation
What is residual volume?
The volume of air left in the lungs after maximum inhalation
What type of muscle fibre uses aerobic respiration?
Type I
What type of muscle fibres use anaerobic respiration?
Type lla and Type llx
What energy source is used for anaerobic respiration?
Carbohydrates
What energy source is used for aerobic respiration?
Fats and carbohydrates
Anaerobic respiration characteristics?
- High intensity
- less time for oxygen to be delivered
- uses much less oxygen during the activity
- causes build up for lactic acid
- only work for a short period of time
Aerobic respiration characteristics?
- Intensity is low to moderate
- gives time for oxygen to be delivered
- uses more oxygen during the activity
- Avoids buildup of lactic acid, because CO2 is removed
- can work for longer
Characteristics of arteries
- Oxygenated blood
- thick walls - withstand high pressure
- small under
- thick layer of muscle + elastic fibres
Function of arteries
Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. Thick walls allow blood vessel to cope with high pressure and assist with vascular shunting
Characteristics of veins
- deoxygenated blood
- large lumen- allows more blood to get back to heart quickly
- valves – prevent backflow of blood
- thin walls- blood pressure is low, because blood is far from heart + fighting against gravity
- slow blood speed
Function of veins
carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart
Characteristics of capillaries
- blood goes from oxygenated to the oxygenated due to gaseous exchange
- tiny lemon and 1 cell thick walls- blood travels very slowly and easily through the vessel
- blood pressure is really low due to the slow speed blood travels at
Function of capillaries
To allow gaseous exchange and diffusion between cells
Function of capillaries
To allow gaseous exchange and diffusion between cells
