Sports Pschology

Question 1

Name four types of guidance

Answer 1

Visual
Verbal
Manual
Mechanical

Question 2

What is visual guidance?

Answer 2

Visual guidance often includes a demonstration of techniques or a skill by another person
Used for beginners

Question 3

What is verbal guidance?

Answer 3

Guidance that is provided be another person speaking to you

Used for elite performers

Question 4

What is manual guidance?

Answer 4

This guidance involves physically moving the performer into the correct position.
Used for beginners

Question 5

What is mechanical guidance?

Answer 5

This involves using device or objects to assist the performer
Used for beginners

Question 6

What is feedback?

Answer 6

It is the information a performer receives about their performance and it helps them to develop and improve

Question 7

What is positive feedback?

Answer 7

It is important for beginners as it motivates them and makes them feel that they had successful aspects to their performance
Used for beginners

Question 8

What is negative feedback?

Answer 8

Information a performer receives about what was incorrect or bad about their performance.
Used for elite performers

Question 9

What is knowledge of result?

Answer 9

This feedback type focuses on how successful you have been in achieving the outcome you set out to
Used for beginners

Question 10

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 10

It often relates to the individual movements and specific technique.

Question 11

What is intrinsic feedback?

Answer 11

Is information that is received from within the performer via the senses or muscles.
An elite golfer will know from the feel of their swing if it was a good shot

Question 12

What is extrinsic feedback?

Answer 12

This form of feedback is feedback that comes from outside the performer, often verbally from a coach or teacher

Question 13

What is direct aggression?

Answer 13

Where there is actual physical contact between performers
High rugby tackle
A boxer punching their opponent below the belt

Question 14

What is indirect aggression?

Answer 14

It does not involve contact with another performer. This form of aggression is aimed at an object to gain an advantage.
Smashing a badminton shuttle in order for it to hit the ground faster
A cricket player bowling a fast bouncer to intimidate the batsman

Question 15

Name five stress management techniques

Answer 15

Deep breathing 
Mena tal rehearsal 
Imagery 
Visualisation 
Positive self-talk

Question 16

What is deep breathing?

Answer 16

This technique helps to reduce the performers heart rate and feeling of nervousness. Deep breathing to reduce heart rate and the nervous feeling before hitting a golf ball of the tee

Question 17

What is mental rehearsal?

Answer 17

Mental rehearsal involves the performer picturing themselves performing the skill perfectly before attempting it. Picturing the perfect performance of how to kick a conversion in rugby

Question 18

What is imagery?

Answer 18

This method involves the performer imagining themselves in a calm relaxing place. A golfer may do this before attempting a putt in order to remain calm and control their arousal levels.

Question 19

What is visualisation?

Answer 19

During this method the performer will try to picture an aspect of performance. In cricket, the batsman will focus on how their performance should look prior to facing a bowler.

Question 20

What is positive self-talk?

Answer 20

The athletes will give themselves positive and reassuring instructions allowing them to remain focused and motivated on the task. A footballer preparing to take a penalty may use self talk to reassure themselves

Question 21

What is arousal?

Answer 21

A physical and mental state of alertness/readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement

Question 22

Give me an inverted U summary

Answer 22

As arousal level increases, so does the level of performance

Once past this optimum point, performance decreases as they have become over aroused and become too anxious

Question 23

What is under aroused?

Answer 23

Lack of concentration, focus and motivation = low performance levels

Question 24

What is moderate level of arousal?

Answer 24

Optimum level of arousal - maximum level of performance and concentration. Reaction time will be quicker and levels of emotion correct for situation

Question 25

What is over aroused?

Answer 25

Performer lose focus, miss cues, become anxious, make bad decision, become aggressive = low performance levels