Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

Equation for aerobic exercise

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen —> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 2

Equation for anaerobic exercise

Answer 2

Glucose —> energy + lactic acid

Question 3

What is aerobic exercise?

Answer 3

Producing energy in the presence of oxygen at a low intensity for a longer period of time presence of oxygen at a lower

Question 4

What is anaerobic exercise?

Answer 4

Producing energy with the absence of oxygen during a high intensity short burst exercise

Question 5

What does EPOC stand for?

Answer 5

Excess
Post/exercise
Oxygen
Consumption

Question 6

What is EPOC?

Answer 6

Increased rate of Oxygen intake following strenuous activity

Question 7

What is lactic acid?

Answer 7

Waste product from Anaerobic exercise

Question 8

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 8

The amount of extra oxygen needed by muscle tissue to remove lactic acid

Question 9

What is tidal volume?

Answer 9

Volume of air inspired or expired

Question 10

What is residual volume?

Answer 10

Volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 11

What happens to the tidal volume and residual volume when exercise starts?

Answer 11

Tidal volume increases

Residual volume stays the same

Question 12

What do arteries do?

Answer 12

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 13

What are two characteristics of arteries?

Answer 13

Thick, muscular and elastic walls

Small lumen

Question 14

What do veins do?

Answer 14

Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart and lungs

Question 15

What are two characteristics of veins?

Answer 15

They have valves
Large lumen
Thin walled

Question 16

What is the function of the valve?

Answer 16

To prevent back flow of blood

Question 17

What is a characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 17

Very thin walls to allow gas exchange

Question 18

What do capillaries join together?

Answer 18

They join arteries and veins

Question 19

What is vasodilation?

Answer 19

Increasing the diameter of an artery to increase blood flow

Question 20

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 20

Decreasing the diameter of an artery to decrease blood flow

Question 21

When does vasodilation occur?

Answer 21

Vasodilation occurs when we exercise to allow the redistribution of more blood to flow to the working muscles

Question 22

When does vasoconstriction occur?

Answer 22

Decrease the back flow

Question 23

Describe the mechanics of inspiration during rest

Answer 23

The diaphragm contracts which causes it to flatten

The intercostal muscles contracts which causes the ribs to lift upwards and outwards

Question 24

Outline how two features of the alveoli assist in gaseous exchange

Answer 24

Moist thin walls

Lots of capillaries around the alveoli, large area for gas exchange

Question 25

How is maximal heart rate calculated?

Answer 25

Subtract your age from 220

Question 26

Define the term cardiac output

Answer 26

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per min | Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output

Question 27

Characteristics of the blood vessel

Answer 27

Small lumen | Thick walls

Question 28

Define the term stroke volume

Answer 28

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat

Question 29

Define the term heart rate

Answer 29

The amount of time your heart beats a minute

Question 30

What is a cool down? | What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 30

When you maintain an increased breathing rate and blood flow Advantages - reduces DOMS, stops dizziness, easy to complete, no special equipment needed

Question 31

What is a cool down stretching? | What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 31

A thorough full body stretch will aid the removal of lactic acid and reduce the stiffness and soreness felt post exercise Advantages - reduces DOMS, easy to complete, no special equipment needed Disadvantages - it may be uncomfortable if your muscles are tight

Question 32

What is manipulation of diet? | What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 32

Manipulation of diet is when nutrients are used to aid recovery. Advantages - Replaces electrolytes and glucose very easily, hydration Disadvantages - Can cause weight gain if strenuous exercise has not taken place

Question 33

What are ice baths? | What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 33

The purpose is to flush lactic acid from the muscles and therefore prevent Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS) Advantages - simplistic and quick to do after exercise., no special equipment needed Disadvantages - Not particularly pleasant due to extreme cold, may not be easily available and you could achieve the same results through a cool down and stretching

Question 34

What does DOMS stand for?

Answer 34

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Question 35

Name some immediate effects of exercise

Answer 35

Hot Sweaty Red skin Increased heart rate

Question 36

Name some short term effects of exercise

Answer 36

Tiredness and fatigue Light headedness Nausea (sick feeling) Aching muscles/DOMS and sometimes muscle cramps

Question 37

Name some long term effects of exercise

Answer 37

Hypertrophy - increase in the size of the heart Bradycardia - decreased resting heart rate Improvements in muscular strength, endurance, speed, cardio-vascular endurance Improved body shape