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P.E > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for aerobic exercise

A

Glucose + oxygen —> energy + carbon dioxide + water

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2
Q

Equation for anaerobic exercise

A

Glucose —> energy + lactic acid

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3
Q

What is aerobic exercise?

A

Producing energy in the presence of oxygen at a low intensity for a longer period of time presence of oxygen at a lower

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4
Q

What is anaerobic exercise?

A

Producing energy with the absence of oxygen during a high intensity short burst exercise

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5
Q

What does EPOC stand for?

A

Excess
Post/exercise
Oxygen
Consumption

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6
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Increased rate of Oxygen intake following strenuous activity

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7
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

Waste product from Anaerobic exercise

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8
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The amount of extra oxygen needed by muscle tissue to remove lactic acid

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9
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inspired or expired

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10
Q

What is residual volume?

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration

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11
Q

What happens to the tidal volume and residual volume when exercise starts?

A

Tidal volume increases

Residual volume stays the same

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12
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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13
Q

What are two characteristics of arteries?

A

Thick, muscular and elastic walls

Small lumen

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14
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart and lungs

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15
Q

What are two characteristics of veins?

A

They have valves
Large lumen
Thin walled

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16
Q

What is the function of the valve?

A

To prevent back flow of blood

17
Q

What is a characteristics of capillaries?

A

Very thin walls to allow gas exchange

18
Q

What do capillaries join together?

A

They join arteries and veins

19
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

Increasing the diameter of an artery to increase blood flow

20
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Decreasing the diameter of an artery to decrease blood flow

21
Q

When does vasodilation occur?

A

Vasodilation occurs when we exercise to allow the redistribution of more blood to flow to the working muscles

22
Q

When does vasoconstriction occur?

A

Decrease the back flow

23
Q

Describe the mechanics of inspiration during rest

A

The diaphragm contracts which causes it to flatten

The intercostal muscles contracts which causes the ribs to lift upwards and outwards

24
Q

Outline how two features of the alveoli assist in gaseous exchange

A

Moist thin walls

Lots of capillaries around the alveoli, large area for gas exchange

25
Q

How is maximal heart rate calculated?

A

Subtract your age from 220

26
Q

Define the term cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per min

Heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output

27
Q

Characteristics of the blood vessel

A

Small lumen

Thick walls

28
Q

Define the term stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat

29
Q

Define the term heart rate

A

The amount of time your heart beats a minute

30
Q

What is a cool down?

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

When you maintain an increased breathing rate and blood flow
Advantages - reduces DOMS, stops dizziness, easy to complete, no special equipment needed

31
Q

What is a cool down stretching?

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

A thorough full body stretch will aid the removal of lactic acid and reduce the stiffness and soreness felt post exercise
Advantages - reduces DOMS, easy to complete, no special equipment needed
Disadvantages - it may be uncomfortable if your muscles are tight

32
Q

What is manipulation of diet?

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

Manipulation of diet is when nutrients are used to aid recovery.
Advantages - Replaces electrolytes and glucose very easily, hydration
Disadvantages - Can cause weight gain if strenuous exercise has not taken place

33
Q

What are ice baths?

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

The purpose is to flush lactic acid from the muscles and therefore prevent Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
Advantages - simplistic and quick to do after exercise., no special equipment needed
Disadvantages - Not particularly pleasant due to extreme cold, may not be easily available and you could achieve the same results through a cool down and stretching

34
Q

What does DOMS stand for?

A

Delayed onset muscle soreness

35
Q

Name some immediate effects of exercise

A

Hot
Sweaty
Red skin
Increased heart rate

36
Q

Name some short term effects of exercise

A

Tiredness and fatigue
Light headedness
Nausea (sick feeling)
Aching muscles/DOMS and sometimes muscle cramps

37
Q

Name some long term effects of exercise

A

Hypertrophy - increase in the size of the heart
Bradycardia - decreased resting heart rate
Improvements in muscular strength, endurance, speed, cardio-vascular endurance
Improved body shape

P.E (5 decks)

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