Sports Physiology Flashcards
what are the 5 aspects of a warm up
pulse raiser
mobility
stretching
dynamic movement
skill rehearsal
what is pulse raiser
light/gentle activity e.g jogging this helps raise the herat rate and starts vascular shunt
what is mobility
moving joints through a whole range of movement in a controlled way. we do this to increase the flexibility of ligaments and tendons
what is stretching
this is a type of movement to help increase flexibility in muscles
what is dynamic movement
this involves things such as shuttle runs and agility runs this prepares muscles and joints for explosive movement
what is skill rehearsal
this involves practicing basic skills this allows the performer to play at a peak performance and is part of mental preparation
whta is a cool down
a cool down is done after sport to help remove waste product and decrease heart rate
what are the two aspects of cool down
low intensity jog and stretching 30 second per stretch
what are the five main methods to prevent injury in sport
conducting a warm up and cool down
using the correct clothing/ forswear
wearing PPE
ensuring the level of competition is appropriate
lifting/ carrying equipment correctly
why do you need to wear the correct kit when playing sport
for example in football you need to wear football boots otherwise u will slip over
what is the point in wearing PPe
this is important as it prevent you for getting serious injury e.g box in cricket and shin pads in football
what is the point in ensuring competition matched
this ensures the game in even and is prevents dangerous things happening
why do you have to be careful when carrying things
this stops you dropping it o you or other things
what is a hazard
something that has potential to cause harm
what is a risk
the chance someone will be harmed by a hazard
what is the environmental continuum
this tells us how open or closed is e.g an open play pass in open and a penalty is closed
what is the difficulty continuum
this tells us how easy/ difficult each skill is
what are the classifications of a skill
fluent
aesthetic
efficient
pre- determined
co-ordination
what is a motor skill
an action or a task has a target or goal and that requires voulantay body/and or limb movement to achieve that goal
what is a skillful movement
this is one which has a predetermined objective in accomplished with maximum efficiency with minimum outlet by energy
why do athletes set goals
for exercise and training adhesive
to help motivate the performer to try their best and work hard to achieve the goal
to improve the persons performance as the goal will be challenging but realistic this causes the athlete to get better/ fitter
what are the aspects of smart goals
specific
measurable
achievable
recorded
Timed
what does specific stand for
goals must be to the point about what you want to achieve or a part of a performance you want to improve
what does measurable stand for
you must have a way of knowing when the goal has been met. usually this is alphanumeric e.g distance or time.
what does achievable stand for
goals should be challenging but they should still be able to be reached
what does recorded stand for
goals should be written down before you start working towards them. This allows the athlete to monitor progress
what does timed stand for
goals should be set with a time in which they should be completed
what is mental preparation for
sports performers use many mental preparations techniques before competing. these help the athlete to be focus calm and confident going into event allowing them to compete at Theiler highest level
what are the four main mental preparation techniques
imagery
mental rehearsal
selective attention
positive thinking
what is imagery
being overexcited and can lead to poor performance. athlete use imagery can involve the athlete imaging themselves using all their senses
what is mental rehearsal
here the athlete familiarizes the athlete with competition site a race course
reduce negative thoughts by confusing on positive outcomes
what is selective attention
where performers focus on specific objects for short periods of time
this allows the athlete to focus on important details and time out unimportant matters
what is positive thinking in sport
here this motivated the athlete by recalling images of their goals of success in a past competition
they tell themselves or team mates to focus or encourage them
what are the different types of guidance in sport
visual guidance
verbal guidance
manual guidance
mechanical guidance
what is visual guidance
this is often use when teaching motor skills so that the performer can see whole action.
what are the advantages of visual guidance
provides the learner with a mental iamge.
good for less complex skills
what are the disadvantages of visual guidance
must be accurate to learn correctly
can overload beginners
can de motivated the learners of the skill
what is verbal guidance
this is often used with a demonstration to talk though the skill
what are the advantages of verbal guidance
can be given quickly
it alows the key information and feedback to be immediate
what are the disadvantages of verbal guidance
can give to much information
learners could be bored/ confused
players must understand the basics
what is manual guidance
this is used in complex/ dangerous skills. teachers/ coaches will use a hands o approach to ensure support
what are the advantages of manual guidance
builds confidence
reduces danger
what are the disadvantages of manual guidance
learners becomes dependent on support
the proximity of the coach can cause issues for both
what is mechanical guidance
this involves using a piece of equipment to support the learner whitest practicing the skill
what are the advantages of mechanical guidance
builds confidence
much safer
what are the disadvantages of mechanical guidance
learner becomes dependent on support
the fell of the movement with the guidance is different to guidance to actual movement
what is feedback
sports people use and rely on feedback to get better st their sport. there are six types of feedback
what is positive feedback
this helps to reinforce the learning of a skills as it allows the performer to know they have done it well this encourages/ motivates them
what is negative feedback
involves giving information about an successful outcome. it can be used to build strategies
what is intrinsic feedback
this feedback happens within the performer. the athlete will be able to tell how a skill has been performed from the way it felt
what was extrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback is that which is given from an external source such as the coach, other athletes, parents and spectators.
what is knowledge of performance
this can come from a performer seeing the results of their actions or another person
what is knowledge of results
knowledge of the technique you have used during your race/ game
