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P.E > health and nutricen > Flashcards

health and nutricen Flashcards

1
Q

what are engagment patterns

A

these are pieces of data which hsow us how mnay people are particpaiting or not participaiting in sport

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2
Q

what is the definition of participaition rates

A

the number of people within a group who are involved in psorrt compared to those who are not

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3
Q

what is a social group

A

this is a group of two or more people who interact with on anotherthese peole share simialr charcteristics and collectivly have a sense of unity

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4
Q

what are all of the catagories of social group

A

gender age ethnicity disabillity and socio economic group

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5
Q

tell me about the social age group

A

young people have a wide variety of oppotunitys such as school sports and various clubs

aprt from walking the number of adults who take part in sport generally deacreases with age

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6
Q

give some sporting examples of age affecting participaition

A

33% of adults participate in sport 30 mins a week

40.1% of men and 30.5% ofwomne participate in moderate intesnity levles of sport at least once a week

14 plus is an important time as this is often when lifelong participaition is set

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7
Q

how does gender affect participaition in sport

A

males and femlaes are bothe encourages to take part in sport this may be through lack of oppotunity or the fear of the steryotyping

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8
Q

what are the barriers to woemnts participaition

A

time
confidence
body image
male dominaition
lack of oppotunitys
lack of medai coverage/role modles

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9
Q

how does ethnicity affect participaition in sport

A

among different ethnic groups participaition varies very little for men however women from white backgrounds particpate in a larger amount of sport compared with pople from chinese black and people from other ethnic backgrounds

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10
Q

how does diasability affect particpaition in sport

A

there are more oppotunitys becoming availiable for disabled people to participate in sport

these oppotunitys allow pople to compete against people of the same bracket

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11
Q

why is the lack of participaition from adults who dissabled lower to those who are not

A

lack of oppotunitys
lack of specialist coaaches
high cost for equipment
lack of access to facilites
low role modle/media coverage

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12
Q

what does our socio economic group relate to

A

it relates to our economic status (working class, middle class, upper class)

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13
Q

which socio economic froup competes the most in sport

A

more people from a higher class particpate in sport comapered to a lower class this is proven as in 2016 in the rio olympics32% of our medla winners were privatlly educated

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14
Q

why do people from a higher economic group participte in sport

A

increased oppotunity scolarships excellent coaching facillites
more time and resources

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15
Q

what are some strats to improve participaition in sport
(promotion)

A

more informaition/educaition on the benefits oppotunities of regular sport participaition like tv advertising to show benefits of regular excerise

wioder promotion of clubs that have lower participaition rates by national governing bodies

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16
Q

what are some strats to improve participaition in sport
(provision)

A

more facilites available for regular participaition ensuring ezch comunity is servced by a leisure center

enusre facilites are valiable for onger amounts of time in a day to allow peopleto particpate at which ever time fits them best

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17
Q

what are some strats to improve participaition in sport
( access)

A

introduction of adapted games e.g walking football walking basketball and touch rugby for adults

activites/sessions for adults only or age group sessions e.g adult 40+ fitness classes

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18
Q

what is comercialisaition

A

the act of making something availiable to be bought or sold for financial profit

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19
Q

how does the media affect comercilaisaition in sport

A

the more popular/ succesfull an athlete/ team/ sport is the more likly that brands will be interested in sponsoring them. for example a brand will want to support a premier league team comapere to a ligue 2 team

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20
Q

what are the different types of media coverage

A

social media: tix tok, x, facebook, snapchat etc

broadcst media television and radio: sky sports, TNT sports, ITV

print media such as news pappers/ magasins/ including broadsheets

internet such as online articles

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21
Q

what is the golden triangle

A

sponsorship
sport
media

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22
Q

what are the key points on the golden triangle

A

the media wants high qaulity entertaining sport. High quality sport attracts morse sponsors/ investors, bringing in more oeny into the sport

if the sport isnt of high standards and enterataining, less sponsors will be attracted so thee will be less media coverage and less moeny coming into the sport

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23
Q

what are the positive effects of having more media

A

increase the popularity of the sport

increase the satndard of the sport as the clubs will have more money to invest in better facilites

to provide a shop window for a bussinesses and their productas well as the sports

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24
Q

what are the negative effetcs of the media

A

less popular sports/ teams will have none of the media benefits as no one wants to watch them

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25
Q

what is sponsorship

A

sponsorship is a form of advertising where a company pays more to be associated with a player, event or team

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26
Q

what are the different types of sponsorship

A

thyey can sposnsor facilites such as grounds and stadiums for examppe the ethiaad the emirates spotify camp nou

or they can sponsor closthing such as cloths and sports kit like ronadlo with nike football boots and rory mclroy and nike golf clubs

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27
Q

what is the golden triangle in sport

A

this is sponsorship
sport and media in one triangle as they all inter link

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28
Q

what are the advantages of sponsorship

A

helps provide money for performers to train and improve

free clothing and equipment can be offered up

they can fund accomodaition and transport

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29
Q

what are the disadvantages of sponserships in sport

A

sponsorships can be withdrawn therfor leaving teams and clubs with no money

they can become controllling/ restrict other income

some sponsorships can be un ethical such as betting firms

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30
Q

what is sportmanship

A

ethical appropriate, olite and fair behaviour while participaiting in a game or an athletic avent this is also known as fair play

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31
Q

what are some example of good sportmanship

A

shaking hands before a game/ event

being gracious in defeate or a win

following and accepting the rules

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32
Q

why has there been a decline in good sportmanship

A

media hyping up rivalries beteen tems or clubs

there is a larger emphasis on winning

there are increased monaetary rewards for doing well

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33
Q

what is deviance

A

Human behaviour that is against your societys norms and values

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34
Q

an example of deviance is what

A

fighting during a match/ event

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35
Q

what ares some reasons for deviance in sport

A

athletes are wiling to take the risks

athletes haveing low morales so they are happy to hurt others

athletes wanting to earn money buy winning

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36
Q

what is violence

A

beahviour involving physical forcw intended to hurt somone damage or kill

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37
Q

what are reasons for violence in sport

A

fustraition of loosing
media pressure
pressure/agravaition from the crowd
to gain an advantage/hurt your opponent
reaction to a challenge/ comment
being annoyed at a bd decison from a official
over arousla during a game
as a result of drugs
frustariation of loosing

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38
Q

what are performance enhancing drugs

A

these are drugs which are banned in competative sports due to their ability to have a positive affect on a performance

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39
Q

what are some reason for taking peds

A

to maintain a sposorship
influenced by others
to win at all costs
lack ahaving moral boundarie s
might not be nataurally good enough
increase thier success
mor media coverage/ publicity
they feel underpressure to win

40
Q

what are the main three peds

A

anabolic steriods
beta blockers
stimulants

41
Q

what do anabolic steriods do to you

A

thyey mimic natural hormones in boys which contorl how the body works

they can increase muscle groqth
increaased bone strenght
allows you to train harder and for llonger
however it can increase aggresion
linear heart damage
and chances of getting cancer

42
Q

what do beta blockers do

A

blocks the release of stress hormones and adrenalin in ceratin areas of the body

this can lower heart rate
and bllod pressure

very relaxing

however you can become to feel tierd and sick
it can cause heart problems
difficulty sleeping or nightmares

43
Q

what do stimulants do

A

these are drugs that stimulate the body physically and mentally

they increase alertaness
suppress appetite
increase endurance

however they can raise blood pressue
anxiety
they are very addictive
and can increase the risk of strokes

44
Q

what type of sportsman would take anabolic steroids

A

a body builder

45
Q

what type of sportmans would take stimulants

A

a formula 1 driver

46
Q

what type of sportamns would take betablockers

A

a darts player

47
Q

what is health

A

the state of emotional, physical and mental well being

48
Q

what is fitness

A

the ability to meet the physical demands placedon you by the enviroment

49
Q

what is wellbeing

A

the state of being comfotabel healthy and happy

50
Q

how can ylu improve your mentalwellbeing in sport

A

do it with other people doing a claming excerise like yoga or pilates

51
Q

how can you improve your physical wellbeing in sport

A

by doing regualr excersise and various types ie muscular training and cardio

52
Q

howcayou improve your social wellbeingin sport

A

playing in a team or doing it with friends

53
Q

what are the positive asspects on your physical wellbing in sport

A

reducces your chcance or coranary heart disease
givees you healthy blood pressure
prevents obesity
reduced chance of diabetes
increase bone density
increased fitness
improved posture

54
Q

what are the positive asspects on your social well being

A

can make new friends
can make you fell as though you belong to a grup or a team
reduces lonliness

55
Q

what are the poistive asspects on your emotional well being

A

increased sel esteem/ confidence

reduces stress

improves body image or image of themselfs

56
Q

what is a sedentary lifestyle

A

this is where somebody does not do the required amount of exercise they shoudl and overeat. This also includes sitting, watching TV, using a computer, reading or playig computer games for most of the day with little or no vigorous excersise

57
Q

what are the concequences of sedentary lifestyle on your emotinal wellbeing

A

Stress, anxiety and depression– When physically active, your brain releases serotonin, which is a mood-boosting chemical in your brain.

58
Q

what are the concequences of a sedntary lifestyle on your physical well being

A

it can force you to add on weight and it can lead to heart disese and diabetets

59
Q

what are the concequences of a sedntary lifestyle on your social well being

A

you can cut yourself off with friends which can lead to lonliness

60
Q

what is a balanced diet

A

a diet that contains the correct proportions of carbs,fats,protein,vitamins, minerals and water to maintain god health.

61
Q

what are the seven components of a balanced diet

A

carbs
protein
fats
vitamins
minerals
fibers
water

athlets require these componets in different quanititys depending on the sport

62
Q

what are your macro nutrients

A

they are protein
carbohydrates
and fats

63
Q

what is the description and function of carbohydrates

A

carbs provide the energy to excersis. These are two typess of crabohydrates, complex and simple. complex carbohydrates should be favoured as they provide a slow release, long lasting energy. simple carbohydrates provide the boody with imediate energy,both can be stored as fat if not used

64
Q

what are the differnt types of carbs

A

simple and complex carbs

65
Q

what is the DIFFERECE in the two types of carbs

A

Complex carbohydrates take longer to digest and are a more stable source of energy than simple carbohydrates.

66
Q

where are complex carbs found

A

rice
bread
pasta

67
Q

where are simple carbs found

A

cake biscuits and fruit

68
Q

what are complex carbs

A

they are startches

69
Q

what is the proces of digestion of carbs

A

startches are eaten
stored in the liver as glycogen
brocken down when neede into glucose
then used in respiraition

70
Q

what percentage of carbs do endurance runners need

A

60%-70%

71
Q

what percentage of carbs do normal people need

A

50%-60%

72
Q

what is the function of protein

A

proteiin is an essential nutrient that allows the muscels and body tissues to grow and repair.

TRY NOT TO USE IN EXAM= it can be used to provide enrgy when the bodys fat and carbs are depleated

73
Q

where is protein found

A

meat poultry, fish, eggs , pulses, nuts

74
Q

how many grams per killigram of body weight need to be protein for strenght and power performance

A

1.3-1.5g

75
Q

what is the functionof fats

A

fats are important as thy provide with energy and keep us warm. They are used for energy when stores of carbohydrates run low but are released very slowly so are the only suitable for endurance athletes

76
Q

what are the two types of fats

A

saturated and unsaturated fats

77
Q

what is saturated fat and where can you find it

A

a saturated fat is a type of fat which is fatty aacid chains which have single chains. A fat known as a glyceride is amde of short glycerol and fatty acids

78
Q

what is unsaturated fat

A

unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid where there is at leats one double bond witghin the chain

79
Q

where do yoou find fats

A

butter
cheese
meat
freid food
nuts
and treats

80
Q

how should a food pie chart be arranged based on your macro nutrients

A

fat=15%
carbs=55%
protein=30%

81
Q

what is glycogen loading

A

Carb loading is simply a nutritional strategy to increase the glycogen stored in your body above its normal amount

82
Q

what is an example of glycogen loading

A

for 3 days cut carbs just to a diet of fats and protein

then light traing with high carbs for 3 days leading to event

this significantly increases glycogen stores and helps offset fatigue
DAY OF EVENT
consume carbs 2-4 hours before exercise
consume a small amount in first half an hour of race
eat after to replenish stores
re hydraition is essential as you loose 1 litre of water per hour

83
Q

what is the function of vitamins

A

they are vital for keeping the body functioning well and preventing disease well. each of the 13 vitamins has a specific function, for example vitamin a maintains good eye sight and vitamin c helps heal wounds

84
Q

which foods coantain a large amount of vitamins

A

fruit, vegetables, eggs and milk

85
Q

what is vitamin d good for

A

its good for blood pressure

86
Q

what is vitamin e good for

A

vitamin e is a nutrient thats important for vision repreoduction and the health of your blood and brain it also has antioxidant propeties

87
Q

what are minerals and what are their function

A

minerals such as iron and calcium are viatl in alllowing the body to function correctly. minerals increase the efficency of carrrying oxygen to the muscels and allowing muscels to contract repeatably

88
Q

what are the two types of minerals

A

macro mineral
trace elemets

89
Q

what is a macro mineral

A

you need larger amounts of this an example is calcium

90
Q

what is a trace element

A

these are needed in smaller amounts these are like iron

91
Q

what is calcium neede for

A

it is needed for healthy bones and teeth

92
Q

what is iron needed for

A

it is important in making red bllod cells which carryu oxygen around the body

93
Q

what is fibre and its function

A

fibre is required to keep the digestive system working somtghly. it prevents constipaition

94
Q

which food can fibre be found in

A

bread oats brown rice and vegetables

95
Q

why is fibre important for sports performers

A

it allows them to take in the necessary nutrients as it not being pood out

96
Q

what is the function of water in the body

A

crucial to good helath as it carries nutrients around the body and helps remove waste
it can also controlmthe body temp
should drink 2 liters a day
we loose water through sweat and urine
body temp rises= heat exhaustion
cardio vascular system becomes ineefficent

97
Q

what can dehydraition cause

A

thirst
deacrease skill levle
inreased body temp
muscel fatigue
increased heart rate
thick blood
slower reaction time ‘
dizziness
and death

P.E (3 decks)

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