Sports Performance

Question 1

“Envelope of function”

Answer 1

Region of dose response continuum which is high enough to elicit a response but low enough to still allow for adaptation without negative consequences

Question 2

Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA)

Answer 2

The period of lower effort between intermittent explosive effort

Question 3

Gold standard for strength testing

Answer 3

Isometric and isokinetic tests performed on isokinetic machine

Question 4

Anaerobic tests

Answer 4

Jump tests
Hopping 
Vertical jump 
Lateral jumping 
Strength testing

Question 5

Aerobic tests

Answer 5

Cooper Run
Modified cooper
Maximal anaerobic threshold (MAS)
Yo-yo intermittent test 
30:15 intermittent test

Question 6

Maximal anaerobic threshold

Answer 6

Lowest speed at which VO2 max is used

Distance covered/time

Question 7

Lactate system tests

Answer 7

Running based aerobic sprint
Wingate test
500m row
Yo-yo intermittent test 2

Question 8

Physical quality of strength

Answer 8

Foundation from which all other physical qualities on the hierarchy evolve, and the enhancement of strength also results in increase in explosive muscular strength

Question 9

Factors to consider for muscular performance

Answer 9

Neural control 
Muscle CSA 
Pennation 
Muscle length 
Joint angle
Deconditioning of uninvolved extremity

Question 10

Neural control

Answer 10

Influences max force output via how many and type of motor units (recruitment) and rate of firing (rate coding)
Muscle force is greater with more units, larger units, faster firing rate

Question 11

What increases muscle force?

Answer 11

More units
Larger units
Faster firing rate

Question 12

Pennation

Answer 12

More sarcomeres in parallel which causes better force generation but lower maximal shortening velocity

Question 13

Progressive overload

Answer 13

Constant increase in stress necessary to continually cause adaptive response

Question 14

Accommodation

Answer 14

Repeated exposure to same stimulus results in diminished response

Question 15

SAID principle

Answer 15

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand

Adaptation occurs based on stimulus

Question 16

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 16

Systems will adapt to the stressors places upon it in attempt to meet the demands of these stressors

Question 17

Classic “Linear” periodization

Answer 17

Most common 
Based on changing exercise volume and load across mesocycle 
12 month macrocycle
Mesocycle (3-4 months) 
Micro cycle (1-4 weeks)

Question 18

Nonlinear “undulating” periodization

Answer 18

Volume and load are altered more frequently (daily, weekly, bi-weekly) to allow neuromuscular system longer periods of recovery as lighter loads are performed more often
More appropriate for athletes with several competitions per week
Light, medium, and heavy days of training throughout week

Question 19

Block periodization

Answer 19

Highly concentrated specialized workloads for maximum adaptation
Allows for peaks gained to be maintained throughout entire year

Question 20

What is the single most important variable related to improvements in strength development?

Answer 20

Intensity

Question 21

Intensity

Answer 21

Level of effort associated with each exercise

Question 22

Volume

Answer 22

Sum of the total number of exercise reps performed in a given training period

Question 23

Olympic lifting pulls

Answer 23

Emphasizes triple extension

Ankle PF, knee extension, hip extension

Question 24

Plyometric training

Answer 24

Quick powerful movements that use pre-stretch that involves the SSC (stretch shortening cycle)
Rapid lengthening of muscle during eccentric contraction stimulates muscle spindle which enhances resultant muscle contraction
Releasing stored elastic energy increases total force production

Question 25

Amortization

Answer 25

Time between eccentric pre-stretch and onset of concentric muscle action
Total ground contact time

Question 26

Plyometric work:rest ratio

Answer 26

1:5 or 1:10 for high intensity

Recovery period for 30-60 seconds for low intensity

Question 27

Work capacity

Answer 27

Ability to optimally perform an exercise, training session, or physical activity repeatedly over an extended period of time

Question 28

Cardiac output training goal

Answer 28

Increase blood plasma volume and L ventricular hypertrophy

Question 29

Peripheral training goal

Answer 29

Increase mitochondrial density, enzymatic activity, capillary density

Question 30

Anaerobic training goal

Answer 30

Increase rate of ATP is generated, increase buffering capacity of working region, delay fatigue