Practice Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Stress fracture imaging preference
A
1) X-ray
2) bone scan
2
Q
Following normal xrays, which imaging technique is appropriate for suspected labral tear or bankart lesson?
A
MR arthrogram
3
Q
Tietze syndrome
A
Common in younger athletes and may be caused by chest impact
Typically will have swimming and tenderness in costochondral junctions
4
Q
Rib fracture symptoms
A
Pain with breathing
Tenderness and crepitus
5
Q
Contraindication for spinal manipulation
A
Active infection
Bone cancer
Severe osteoporosis
Pregnant females is just a precaution, not contraindication
6
Q
What is the most definitive test for measuring femoral anteversion/retroversion?
A
Craig’s test (outside of imaging)
7
Q
Anteversion
A
Angle greater than 15 deg
Compensations: lateral tibial rotation, lateral rotation at knee, compensatory lumbar rotation to same side
8
Q
Normal alpha angle of hip
A
45 degrees
>50 may be consistent with csm impingement
9
Q
Crossover in hip imaging
A
Anterior rim lies lateral to posterior rim means acetabular retroversion
Pincer impingement
10
Q
Plyometric activity parameters
A
2 sessions per week
200 contacts per session
Work:rest ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 for high-intensity
11
Q
Time for RTP following SLAP repair
A
12 months
12
Q
Best tests for SLAP tear
A
Crank test
Resisted supination external rotation test
13
Q
Stage I lisfranc
A
Minimal to no diastasis or arch height loss
Does have increased bony uptake
14
Q
Stage II Lisfranc sprain
A
2-5 mm diastasis between 1st and 2nd metatarsals
No loss of arch height
15
Q
Stage III Lisfranc sprain
A
> 5 mm diastasis
Loss of arch height
16
Q
Mallet dinger conservative approach
A
Splint DIP in hyper extension
17
Q
Splint game keeper’s thumb
A
Plastic with the thumb in FLEXION and lunar deviation
18
Q
TFCC sprain conservative approach
A
Splint with plastic to restrict elbow and wrist region
PROM begins at 6 weeks
19
Q
Wingate test
A
Widely used protocol for muscle power and indirectly aerobic capacity.
Max cycle for 30 seconds
20
Q
Best imaging for OCD lesion
A
MRI
21
Q
Normal healing times for liver
A
3-6 months
22
Q
Freiberg’s test
A
Forceful IR of extended hip which elicits butt pain by stretching piriformis muscle
23
Q
Micro fracture precautions
A
8 weeks of no more than 30 pounds WB’ing
24
Q
When are ACL re ruptures highest?
A
Returning to play within first 12 months.
After 12 months, graft rupture rTes were not significantly greater than sustaining C/L injury
(Indicates that graft strength and muscle function are achieved a year post-op)
25
ROM restrictions for grade 3 MCL 3 weeks from injury?
0-110 knee FLEXION
26
Jumping risk factors for increased ACL injury?
Knee abduction at initial contact
Shorter stance time on involved side
Greater peak external hip flexion
27
What phase of throwing are the most forces imparted to the shoulder?
Deceleration
28
What changes structurally occur in pitchers that make their ROM different in throwing arm?
Osseous adaptation of humeral head.
| Retro version associated with greater ER
29
How long to RTP for little league shoulder?
3 months of rest followed by return to throwing program.
| RTP is based on time
30
Where is pain located in Little League Shoulder?
Lateral aspect of proximal humerus
31
What type of bracing is best to prevent ankle sprains?
Semi-rigid
32
RTP following UCL surgery
Plyometric at 3-4 months
Return to throwing at 4 months
Return to hitting 5 months
Throwing off mound at 9 months
33
Lateral epicondylitis muscles likely involved in order
ECRB
EDC
ECRL
ECU
34
Which phase of throwing disrupts the ulnar nerve?
Late cocking
35
What phase of throwing disrupt the radial nerve?
Acceleration to deceleration
36
Appropriate pre-activity hydration in humidity
17-20 oz 3 hours prior to event and 7-10 oz every 10-20 min during event
37
Concurrent training
Training of endurance and strength capacities at the same time or within a 24-hr recovery period.
Development of one trait may interfere with the development of the other
38
Conjugate training
Training of several complementary qualities in one mesocycle
39
Optimal dietary percentages in athletes
20% protein
30% fat
50% carbs
40
Meniscus repair surgery uses what procedure?
Stacked sutures
41
Downfall of allograft
Expensive
Incorporate less completely and more slowly
Require sterilization
Do not do well with young females
42
Mitral valve prolapse
Relatively common
Can create a new-onset murmur
Athletes can resume activity
43
Exercise-induced asthma triggers
Cooler and dryer air in lungs
| Decrease in FEV1
44
Testicular torsion signs and symptoms
Swelling in testicle without known trauma
Diffuse and unilateral pain
Delayed pain is common
45
What’s considered a good total score on FMS?
14
46
OCD lesion imaging order
X-ray
MRI
CT scan
47
Imaging for high risk head injury
Straight to CT scan
48
Schuermann’s Disease
Thoracic kyphosis due to wedge compression
Often seen compensated lumbar lordosis
Common in scoliosis
49
Preferred imaging for stress fracture
CT scan
50
Severe OA vs mod OA
Severe=<1-2 mM
| Mid= 1-2 mm
51
Osgood Schlatter
Pain at tibial tuberosity
May have normal but painful Patellar mobility
Stretch quads!
52
What vascular structure is commonly injured with clavicle injury?
Subclavian artery
53
RTS for non-op clavicle fracture
10-12 weeks
54
BESS tesst is best used for
Concussion
55
RTS after fasciotomy for compartment syndrome
12-16 weeks
56
What part of throwing us UCL stressed
Late cocking and early acceleration
57
Wrist pain commonly found in back swing of golfer’s
De Quervain’s
58
Most commonly injured wrist ligament
Scspholunate
NO swelling/clicking
DOES have limitations in wrist extension
59
Scaphoid rotary instability
Worse than scapholigament injury
| Swelling Dorsally, tenderness, and positive scaphoid shift test
60
Lunotriquetral Ligament injury
Least likely injured ligament
MOI: fall on extended and radially deviated wrist
Does NOT limit wrist extension
61
If someone is down and not conscious...
ABCs and then do 1 round of CPR before calling 911
62
Pregnant women should exercise at
Talk test or RPE Borg at 12-14
63
If athlete has triceps tendinitis with overhead serves, tx should include
Triceps and pronator concentric training
64
Precautions for activity following MCL sprain
Activities to tolerance
65
What % of health individuals carry MRSA?
30%
66
Type I error
“False alarm”
| False +
67
Type II error
False -
68
Positive predictive value
Proportion of positive tests that are true positives
69
Negative prediction value
Proportion of negative tests that are true negative
70
Face validity
Is it testing what it’s supposed to
71
Content validity
Adequacy that sample measurement represents whole
72
Criterion-related
Relationship to “gold standard”
73
Longitudinal study
Over time.
74
Quasi-experimental design
Unable to randomly assign or no control group
75
Alpha level
Level of statistical significance
| Risk of type I error
76
ANOVA
comparison of 3 or more groups
77
Hawthorne effect
Subjects knowledge of being part of a stud effects performance
78
Rib fx symptoms
Pain with breathing, crepitus, + tuning fork
79
RTP rib fx
4-8 weeks
80
Tension pneumothorax symptoms
SOB, absence of breath sound, cyanosis, dissension of neck veins
81
Hemothorax symptoms
Pain, cyanosis, coughing frothy blood
| Immediate ER
82
Solar plexus injury
Wind knocked out
| Tx: short inspiration, long expiration to normalize diaphragm
83
Most common hernia in men
Inuginal
84
Most common hernia in females
Femoral
85
Tx for kidney contusion
24 hr hospital, urinate 2-3x and look for blood
86
Kidney contusion referral pain
Costovertebral angle around trunk/abdominal area
87
Symptom of bladder rupture
Will not be able to urinate
88
Bladder contusion referral pain
Lower trunk and upper anterior thigh
89
Liver contusion referral pain
R scapula, R shoulder, sub sternal area
| Immediate Medical attention!
90
Kehr sign
Radiating pain down L shoulder into 1/3 down arm
| Indicative of spleen rupture
91
Splenic rupture tx
About 1 week monitoring in hospital
92
Skull fx sxs
Unequal pupils, discoloration of eyes, LOC, loss of smell/sight, Battle sign, raccoon eyes
93
Battle sign
Bleeding, bruising, swelling behind ear
94
Raccoon eyes
Basal skull fx
95
Acclimatization occurs in how long
5-10 days
96
What does wet bulb globe temperature measure
Temp, humidity, wind, sunlight
97
WBGT measures
```
Low <65
mod 65-73
High 73-82
Very high >82
*cancel practice if >82.4
```
98
Heat exhaustion sxs
CBT 104 deg, weak and rapid pulse, clammy skin
99
Heat stroke sxs
Core temp >104 deg, pulse +160, collapse
100
Superficial frostbite (2nd)
Firm, waxy feel, tissue underneath is soft and painful, affected area may turn purple and blister
101
Frostnip
Superficial cooling without cellular damage
102
Chilblains
Superficial ulcers of skin when repeatedly exposed to cold and wet
103
Hypothermia
CBT <95
104
How much water loss compromises physiologic function
1-2%
105
How much water loss can lead to EHI
3%
106
Proper hydration for activity
17-20 oz 3 hr prior
17-20 oz 20 min prior
7-10 oz every 10-20 min
107
NCAA football pre-season practice
Days 1-5 only 1 practice per day
(1-2 helmets only, 3-4 helmets and shoulder pads, 5 full pads)
>5: 2 practices a day every other day
108
Acute exertional rhabdo sxs
Darkened urine
More common in SCT
refer immediately
109
Adjustment period for high altitude
2-3 weeks
110
High altitude pulmonary edema
Lungs will accumulate small amounts of fluid at higher altitudes
111
Properly fitted helmet
```
CC between head and liner
Helmet covers base of skull
2 finger width above eyes
Ear holes line up
3 finger widths from mask
Chin strap should be secured
```
112
What determines size of shoulder pads
Shoulder width
113
Dorsal scapular nerve
C4/5
Rhomboids
Levator scap
114
Suprascapular Herve
C5/6
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
115
Lateral pectoral
C5/6
Pec Major
Pec minor
116
Axillary nerve
C5/6
Delt
Teres minor
117
Musculocutaneous nerve
C5-7
Brachioradialis
Biceps
Coracobrachialis
118
Long thoracic nerve
C5-7
| Serratus anterior
119
Radial nerve
```
C5-T1
Tricep
Supinator
Extensors
Brachioradialis
```
120
Thoracodorsal nerve
C6-8
| Lats
121
Odontoid view
C1/2 relationship
122
Swimmer’s view
C7/T1
123
Atlantodental interval
3.5 mm instability
7 mm disruption of transverse ligament
>9-10 mm risk of neurologic injury
124
Jefferson fx
Burst of C1
125
Odontoid fx
C2
126
Hangman’s fx
C2
127
Clay shoveler’s fx
Hyper FLEXION
| C6-T2
128
Cervical myelopathy tests
```
Hoffman’s
Hyper reflex of brachioradialis
Gait disturbance
Babinski
Age >45
```
129
Cervical radiculopathy test cluster
Distraction
Spurlings
ULTT median
<60 rotation to affected side
130
Murphy’s sign
Gall bladder
131
Kernig’s sign
Inability to extend knee with hip flexed
| Indicative of nerve root irritation
132
Brudzinski’s sign
Involuntary hip and knee FLEXION when neck is flexed
| Indicative of nerve root irritation
133
Kernig’s and Brudzinski signs for what
Meningitis
134
Which ligaments are most commonly injured with syndesmotic injury
Inferior anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
135
Common imaging views for ankle pathology
Internal oblique/mortise view
Lateral
A/P
136
Maisonnuerve fx
Proximally fib fx from ER force
137
Tillaux fx
Salter Harris III fx of ant lat tibial epiphysis
138
Jones fx
Base of 5th met
Risk for mal-union
6-8 weeks cast
139
Sever’s disease
Calcaneal apophysitis
8-14 years
RTS 2-8 weeks
140
Turf toe
Forced DF of MTP
141
Haglund’s deformity
Exotosis at calcaneus
142
Hammer toe
Flexion contracture of PIP
143
Mallet toe
Flexion contracture of DIP
144
Claw toe
Flexion contracture of DIP and hyper extension of MP
145
Jogger’s foot
Local nerve entrapment of Medial plantar nerve at tunnel of abductor hallucis and navicular tuberosity
146
Morton’s neuroma
3rd and 4th met heads
| Associated with excessive pronation
147
Diagnostic pressures for compartment Syndrome
Pre-exercise >15
1 min post >30
5 min post >20
148
Role of teres ligament
Intrinsic stabilizer that resists hip flexion, adduction, external rotation
149
Values of angle of inclination
Normal 125
Coxa Valga >140
Coxa Vara <120
150
Angle of torsion
Norm 12-15 deg
Anteversion is increased angle and leads to toe in
Retro version decrease angle and toe out
151
Log roll test
Intra articular hip pathology.
Pain denotes intra-articular
Clicking means labral tear
Increased ROM means laxity
152
Heterotrophic ossification
Myositis ossificans
| Inflammation in muscle following hemorrhage that may become calcified
153
How much rest for femoral stress fx
2-5 months
154
SCFE
Common in adolescent boys
| Groin pain, limits in abduction, Flexion , IR, limp
155
Legg calve perthes
AVN if femoral head
4-10 years
Groin pain refers to knee, no MOI
A/P and frog leg views but MRI is best
156
Snapping hip
Iliopsoas over iliopectineal eminence or ITB over greater trochanter
-iliopsoas is loud
157
Labral repair guidelines
Limit hip flexion for 4 weeks, WBAT, no running before 12 weeks
158
Hip debridement guidelines
WBAT
| No time dependent restrictions, progress as tolerated
159
Osteoplasty guidelines
Limit hip flexion for 4 weeks, initially 20# PWB
WBAT 4-6weeks
No running until 12 weeks
160
Capsular modification guidelines
a WBAT
| Limit ER and extension for 4 weeks
161
Micro fracture
Limit hip flexion 4 weeks, initially 20# PWB
| a WBAT 4-6 weeks
162
Effect of exercise on BP
BP drops below pre-exercise levels 2-3 hours after exercise
163
Linear sprint
5 m overcome inertia
10 m acceleration
10-20 m transition
40 m max speed
164
Type of exercise during prep/off season
Low intensity weights
High volume, hypertrophy
Endurance
165
Type of exercise at pre-season (1st transition)
Power
More sport-specific
80-85% 1RM
166
Type of exercise during competition season
80-85% 1RM
| Maintain strength and power
167
Limiting factor for prolonged human performance
Glycogen depletion
168
How long of exercise requires electrolyte s
Longer than 60-90 min
169
Pregnancy BP changes
Decrease until 28 weeks then normal by 36 weeks
170
Participation with atlantoaxial instability
Contact contraindicated
171
Mitral valve prolapse participation
Non-symptomatic May participate
172
Active myocarditis participation
Cannot play
173
Diabetes participation
Can play but activities >30 min require increased monitoring
174
Fever participation
Cannot play due to increased risk for EHI
175
Spear tackler’s spine
Cannot play
176
Post-concussive Syndrome participation
No contact sport s
177
Long QT syndrome participation
Cannot play
178
Uncontrolled hypertension participation
Weightlifting and static resistance contraindicated
179
HCM participation
Requires frequent monitoring and status may change
180
ACL injury reduction programs
Sports metrics
FIFA II+
PEP
181
Post Meniscal horn repair precaution
No resisted hamstring exercises for 6 weeks
182
Segond fx
Avulsion fx at insertion of LCL due to excessive IR and valgus
183
Basset sign
TTP over Medial epicondyle of femur
184
Normal Q angle
13 deg men
| 18 deg women
185
What is the most important part of PPE
History
186
Meniscal composite exam
```
Hx of catching or locking
Pain with forced hyperextension
Pain with maximal flexion
+ McMurrays
Joint line tenderness
```
187
Os trigonum
Bony soft tissue compression in post tibiocalcaneal interval
From repetitive PF
Decreased PF strength and ROM, TTP between achilles and peroneals, posterior ankle pain, seen with flexor Hallucis longus tenosynovitis
188
Freibergs disease
AVN in the metatarsal (usually 2nd)
Swelling beneath met head, crepitus, loose bodies
Similar to stress fx and metatarsalgia so rule out with imaging
189
Kohler’s disease
AVN of navicular
| Pain on dorsal and Medial surface of foot
190
Medial Elbow alophysitis
9-12 year old throwers
Decreased speed and accuracy
Swelling, decreased ROM, and med Elbow TTP
191
Total rotation motion deficits bilaterally in pitchers put pitchers at risk for injury... How much
5 deg
192
Panner’s disease
Osteochondrosis of capitellum
<10 years
Pain with valgus stretch (pitching)
And relieved with rest
193
Wilson’s Test
OCD of knee
194
Steinman Test
Meniscal pathology
195
Ege’s Test
Meniscus testing
| Squat with feet ER and IR
196
Dial test
Posterolateral knee instability
| Prone with knees bent and ER feet
197
Concussion 6 stage protocol
1) no activity
2) light aerobic exercise
3) sport-specific exercise
4) non-contact training drills
5) full contact practice
6) RTP
* must be asymptomatic and 24hr between each phase
198
Which portion of scaphoid is most prone to AVN
Proximal
199
What should ER/IR strength ratio be at
66-75%
200
Return to throwing timeline following UCLR
4 months return to throwing
Mound at 9
Competition at 12 months
201
Increase in what % of cadence to get decreased energy absorption
10%
202
What % will suffer 2nd ACL injury within 2 years following ACLR
30%
20% in contralateral
10% on ipsilateral
203
How many more times likely is an allograft failure vs autograft
4x more likely
204
What should knee Flexion angle be at for down stroke of biking
20-25 deg Flexion
205
Subscapularis precautions following surgery
No passive ER beyond 30-45 dev of abd
No ER stretching
No active resisted IR
206
Isometric loading for quad if more than minimal pain with functional activities
5x45” 2-3x/day at 70% max
207
What % is minimum for strength gAins
50-60% max
208
What percentage of concussions report persistent symptoms
10-15%
209
Child SCAT is most appropriate for which ages
5-12 yrs
210
NCAA wrestling rules for competition regarding wounds
72 hour antibiotic treatment.
| No moist, educative, or draining lesions at meet/tournament time
211
Tongue deviation of hypoglossal nerve with LMN lesion
Deviation toward injured side
| May be accompanied by atrophy or fasciculation
212
Lisfranc MOI
Forced hyper plantarflexion with a fixed mid foot
| WB’ing on forefoot with axial load through heel
213
Ghent criteria for Marfan Syndrome
Family history + 2 cardinal features
No family history + 2 cardinal features + systemic feature
Genetic testing
214
Mountain sickness symptoms
Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weakness, lightheaded, dizzy, difficultly sleeping
215
Later jet surgery involves what bone
Transfer of coracoid process to anterior glenoid to prevent anterior dislocation
216
Oligomenorhea
<9 cycles per year
217
What type of nerve palsy is coming following cervical surgery
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
| Hoarseness and weakness of voice
218
Hip adductor to abductor strength ratio
Should be <80%
219
Maximum of how many hours of vigorous physical activity to prevent injury
16-20
220
Single most important prevention strategy for MRSA
Hand washing
| Warm water and soap or alcohol based hand sanitizer
221
Earliest age to throw curve balls
14 years
222
Initiating plyometrics how many foot contacts
80-100
223
Max carb concentration in sports drinks
8%
| Higher will cause decrease in gastric emptying and may cause nausea
224
Recommended amount if someone wants to lose weight
1-2 lbs a week
| Should not exceed or greater risk of dehydration
225
What environments can EHC occur in?
Both hot and cold
| Not caused by internal heat
226
Primary risk factor for exertional heat conditions
Dehydration then sodium then fatigue
227
Tx for EAMC
Remove from activity
Stretch muscles involved
Give beverage containing sodium
228
Quinine
Don’t take because serious cardiac side effects
229
RTP following EAMC
Isolated EAMC: same day
| Full body EAMC: next day
230
Exertional heat exhaustion tx
Remove from situation and lay down + elevate feet
| Should resolve in 15’
231
RTP following heat exhaustion
Mild 1-2 days, most all after 3 days
232
What is the most influential factor impacting evaporation
Relative humidity
233
Critical threshold body temp
105 deg
234
Inability to continue exercising is due to
Exertional heat exhaustion
235
Dehydration and core body temp relationships
Every 1% dehydration there is a0.5% increase in CBT
236
Sickle cell trait
“Intensity syndrome”
Too much, too fast, too soon
Can lead to rhabdo, cardiac arrhythmia, acute renal failure
237
SCT vs EAMC cramps
SCT: no prodromal, milder pain, slump to stop
EAMC: prodromal, increase and sustained, hobble to halt
238
Reasons to spine board
LOC or altered
Bilateral neuro findings
C spine pain with or without palpation
Obvious spinal deformity
239
Palpation and percussion of organs
Start away initially from pain
240
Appendix tests
Rebound tenderness
| McBurney’s point
241
Athletic heart syndrome
LV hypertrophy
| Refer for further testing
242
Collapse differences
Sickle: very rapidly and early in practice
Heat: CBT needs to get high enough
Cardiac: buildup where they get worse and worse
243
Splinting fracture
Immobilize joints above and below fracture
244
Splinting dislocation
Immobilize bones above and below injury
245
Ligamentous sprain healing
Grade I: 10-14 days
Grade II: 4-6 weeks
Grade iii: complete rupture
246
Where to apply tourniquet
2-3 inches above injury
247
Dehiscence
Wound has been closed then opens up again
248
What temp does shivering stop at
85-90 deg
249
Death is imminent at what CBT
77-85
250
Mild hypothermia
CBT 95-98.6
| Lethargy, amnesia, shivering, impaired fine motor, pale, runny nose
251
Moderate hypothermia
CBT 90-94
| No shivering, decreased respiration and pulse, impaired gross motor, impaired mental function
252
Severe hypothermia
CBT <90
| Bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
253
After drop
When extremities are warmed first which causes peripheral dilation and cold blood to core which then decreases CBT
Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias or death
254
Imaging oblique/mortise view
Foot and leg are IR 15-30 deg to see mortise and distal tib-fib joint
255
Weber classification for Fibular fracture
A: below ankle joint
B: fx at joint with tib fib lig intact
C: fx above jt level with syndesmotic tears
256
Tillaux fx
SH III fx involving avulsion of anterolateral tibial epiphysis
257
Hallmark sign of lisfranc injury
Medial plantar bruising
258
Best imaging for Lisfranc injury
MRI
259
MTSS imaging order
X-rays
Bone scan
MRI
260
Best imaging for pelvis
CT scan is best view of posterior ring
261
Pelvic fx
Usually occurs in more than 1 area because it is a ring
262
Most common hip fx location
Femoral neck
263
Best imaging for non-displace hip fx
MRI
264
Legg calve perthes imaging
MRI (bc AVN)
265
Pittsburgh knee rules
Blunt trauma
Age <12 or >50
Inability to WB 4 steps
266
Fabella
Bone formation behind knee that is a normal variant
267
Segond fx
Avulsion fx off prox lat tibia (LCL insertion)
268
Best imaging view for foraminal narrowing
Oblique
269
Neck issues that should not RTP
Cervical stenosis
| Multiple episodes of burners and stingers
270
Elbow ossification sequence
```
Capitellum
Radial head
Internal (med) epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External (lat) epicondyle
```
271
Nightstick fx
Mid ulna
272
Monteggia fx
Fx of prox ulna with radial head dislocation (MUR)
273
Galeazzi fx
Fx of distal head of radius and dislocation of ulnar head
| GRU
274
Subacute and chronic brain injury imaging
MRI is very sensitive
275
When is CT scan required in regard to head injury
```
Glasgow score of 15 +1 of the following:
HA
Vomit
>60
Drugs/alcohol
Persistent anterograde amnesia
Visible trauma
Seizure
```
276
Shoulder impingement imaging
X-ray
| US or MRI
277
Best imaging technique for full thickness RTC tear
Ultrasound (also good for LHBT)
278
Which imaging technique is best for partial thickness RTC tear?
MRa
279
Which imaging technique is gold standard for labral pathology?
MRA
280
Which imaging view is best to see direction of dislocation
Axillary view
281
What does West Point imaging view show
Anterior inferior glenoid
| Bank hart and Hill Sachs lesions
282
What does Stryker Notch imaging view show?
Posterolateral HH
| Can also see Hill Sachs
283
Normal joint space GH jt
Norm=7-10 mM
| <3 mm =full RTC tear
284
Which imaging view is best for AC jt
Zanca view
285
Which nerve to be aware of with humeral fx?
Radial n.
286
MRA imaging best for?
```
Labral (SLAP, Bankhart)
Capsular disruption
Cartilage
Partial thickness RTC tear
Prox biceps tears
```
287
Imaging view for hamate fx
Carpal tunnel view
288
Colles fx
Distal radius with dorsal angulation
289
Smith fx
Distal radius fx with palmar angulation
290
Imaging technique that’s most accurate for scaphoid fx
MRI
291
Kienbock’s disease
AVN of lunate
| X-ray then MRI
292
Bennett and Rolando fx
Bennet is 2 piece fx of thumb
| Rolando is 3 piece fx of thumb
293
Gamekeeper’s thumb
Avulsion fx of thumb at MCP jt
| Rupture of UCL = Stener lesion
