Sports medicine Flashcards
ACL tear: ACL purpose
primary stabilizer of the knee, preventing anterior tibial translation
ACL tear: SX
Popping sounds, hemearthritis, knee instability
associated with meniscal tear
ACL tear: Exam
X ray negative
MRI positive
ACL tear: TX
PT (hamstring strengthening) or ACL reconstruction
Frozen shoulder: Description
Idiopathic loss of shoulder motion, associated with diabetes, 40-60 years.
Frozen shoulder: SX
Early freezing with thawing 6-24 months
pain may be associated with this
frozen shoulder exam
loss of 50% active and passive ROM
painful deltoid insertion
frozen shoulder: Test
x rays are negative
frozen shoulder: TX
NSAIDS, injections, ROM with pt
arthroscopic lysis of adhesion of MUA
Impingement syndrome
inflammation of the subacromial bursa and rotator cuff tendons in middle aged person
Impingement syndrome: SX
lateral shoulder pain with overhead activity
Impingement syndrome: Exams
positive hawkins (impinge the supraspinatus tendon), supraspinatus test. No weakness.
Impingement syndrome: TX
PT, steroid injection, surgical decompression
Elbow epicondylitis: Description
Degenerative and painful condition of Extensor carpi radialis brevis and/or flexor pronators
Elbow epicondylitis: SX
35-55 yo with pain on either the medial or lateral epicondyle with activity
Elbow epicondylitis: Exams
pain on the epicondyle.
lateral epicondyle with pain with extension of wrist
medial epicondyle with pain with flexion of wrist.
Elbow epicondylitis: TX
ice, brace, larger grips for pen or luggage. PT, anti inflam, PT
steroid may help because of paradoxical inflammation to promote bone healing.
surgical debridement
Meniscal tear: description
fraying or tearing of menisci
meniscal tear: SX
locking and catching of the knee
meniscal tear: exam
Mcmurray’s positive
joint line tenderness
meniscal tear: Test
x ray negative
MRI show tear
meniscal tear: tx
PT
arthroscopic debridement
olecranon bursitis: description
inflammation of olecranon bursitis. Gout.
Olecranon bursitis: SX
swelling, painful posterior elbow
Olecranon bursitis: exam
mass over tip of elbow, tender, red, hot
Olecranon bursitis: test
aspiration for crystal or infection
Olecranon bursitis: TX
NSAID
surgical tx
patellofemoral pain: description
pain around the patella without signs of arthritis , common in teenagers with growth spurts
patellofemoral pain: SX
achy pain anterior knee worse after long periods of sitting, and climbing stairs
patellofemoral pain: exam
Q angle
patellar apprehension
resisted extension of knee
patellofemoral pain: test
xray normal
patellofemoral pain: tx
PT for quad strength
plantar fasciaitis: description
degenerative tear of plantar fascia, more common in women and overweight persons with tight heel cords
plantar fasciaitis: SX
worse heel pain in morning, insidious onset
plantar fasciaitis: exam
tender on medial and lateral calceneous, tight dorsiflexion
plantar fasciaitis: test
x ray show heel spurs, which is not causing pain but a symptom
plantar fasciaitis: tx
NSAID, Heel cups, stretches for heel
injections
surgical release
Rotator cuff tear: description
tear of supraspinatous (most common), infraspinatous, subscapularis, or teres minor
acutely in young, chronic degeneration in old
Rotator cuff tear: SX
pain with overhead activity, catching, grating sensation
Rotator cuff tear: exam
positive drop arm, hawkins, weak supraspinatous, weak external rotation
Rotator cuff tear: tests
x rays may show high riding humeral head
MRI shows discontinuity of tendon
Rotator cuff tear: tx
PT, nsaids
repair of tendons
Rupture of proximal biceps tendon: description
rupture of long head of biceps, with labral injury
Rupture of proximal biceps tendon: SX
sudden pain, bulge in arm
Rupture of proximal biceps tendon: exam
popeye arms, pain with supination
Rupture of proximal biceps tendon: test
x ray negative
MRI show tear with hematoma
Rupture of proximal biceps tendon: tx
NSAIDS, PT
surgery (tenodesis: staple)
trchonateris bursitis: description
inflammation of the great trchonateric bursa from IT band
trchonateris bursitis: SX
lateral hip pain, unable to lie on side
trchonateris bursitis: exam
point tender over posterior GT
ober’s test
trchonateris bursitis: Test
x ray negative
MRI show swelling of BURSA
trchonateris bursitis: TX
NSAIDS
PT for stretches and strengtething
