Sports Injuries and Prevention Flashcards
What is a musculoskeletal injury?
A musculoskeletal injury is any damage that occurs to the structures of the muscular or skeletal systems of the body.
What is an acute injury? What are the two classifications?
An acute injury is one that occurs quickly and for which pain and loss of function is immediate.
Acute injuries are classified according to how the injury occurred; either via a direct (external force) or indirect (internal force) mechanism.
Explain direct and indirect acute injuries
An acute injury is when the injury is received straight away and the impact of it is felt instantly.
The two subcategories are:
* Direct, e.g., players running into each other
* Indirect, e.g., overstretching and tearing connective tissue
What are chronic injuries? What are some examples
Chronic injuries tend to start out as acute in nature, and then recur as a result of re-injury through a prolonged weakness or insufficient rehabilitation following the previous injury. Recurring hamstring strains in AFL players are chronic injuries.
What are overuse injuries? What are some examples of each?
Overuse injuries are caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint, and are usually diagnosed by the presence of inflammation and pain.
These injuries tend to be prolonged, taking a long time to recover (such as shin splints and stress fractures). Around 80 per cent of all overuse injuries occur in the lower body.
Examples: Shin splints, Tennis elbow, Osteitis Pubis, Patellar Tendinitis.
Explain the difference between a chronic injury and an overuse injury.
An overuse injury is when you get hurt from the high use of that part of your body whereas a chronic injury is when you gain an acute injury but after it has healed, it is still partially weak and can easily get damaged again.
When managing sports injuries what 4 questions should we ask immediately?
- What is this injury? (Diagnosis)
- What should I do for it? (Treatment)
- How did it happen? (Cause)
- How do I stop recurrence? (Prevention)
Describe what SALTAPS stands for.
SALTAPS stands for:
* S – Stop playing the game or activity straight away, examine the player on the field
* A – Ask the player when, what, why and how
* L – Look at the injury and compare it to other body parts for colour, shape or size change
* T – Touch the injured player to feel if there is a broken bone or for the temperature, looking for lumps, bumps, fluid under the surface, change in temperature
* A – Ask if the player is able to move the injured body part, if they can’t don’t move it
* P – Passive movement, which is after you asked if it could move, move the injured body part around in its range of movements
* S – Stand them up and see if the player can put weight on the injured body part
What is pre-participation screening? How can it be done?
Pre-participation screening should be undertaken by all individuals prior to commencing or increasing their physical activity, whether that is a health and fitness program or competitive sport.
Pre-participation screening can take the form of questionnaires and/or physical examinations.
Describe 2 reasons why a pre-participation screening would be important before the commencement of exercise.
Two reasons for why it would be important are:
* To see if the player is physically able to do the activity
* To see if the player is wanting to do the activity or not
What is the physical preparation of athletes?
Training should always ensure athletes achieve appropriate fitness levels that are specific to the sport.
Athletes and coaches must correctly apply the principles of training — particularly those of specificity, appropriate progressive overload, intensity and frequency — during both the pre-season and in-season training.
Overtraining can occur if adequate recovery between training sessions is not planned for and completed.
Explain the concept of overtraining.
Overtraining is a physical condition when the player has used a specific muscle or body part for prolonged periods of time which can result in decreased athletic performance, increased fatigue, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances, and a feeling of being ‘burnt-out’.
Describe the 2 phases of the warm-up and identify what type of movements should be included in a warm-up.
The first phase of a warm-up is low-impact aerobic activity, which are activities that are continuous such as jogging.
The second phase is dynamic movement, which replicate the specific movements needed for the sport such as practicing 3-pointers in basketball.
Describe how you would begin a cool-down and identify what type of movements should be included in the cool-down.
A cool-down should begin with a low-intensity version of the exercise that was just being completed. It then should be followed by a period of static and ‘proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)’ stretching of the major muscles used in the exercise.
