sports injuries

Question 1

what differentiates acute injuries from chronic injuries

Answer 1

acute is sudden and chronic is wear and tear from over time

Question 2

unexpected disruption of normal sequence of movements occurs in which type of injury

Answer 2

acute injury

Question 3

symptoms of acute injuries?

Answer 3

sudden pain
swelling
not able to place pressure or weight 
abnormal limb or joint movement 
bone or joint visibly out of place

Question 4

wear and tear in chronic injuries occurs from

Answer 4

poor training methods
inadequate or poorly maintained equipment
anatomical variation

Question 5

symptoms of chronic injuries

Answer 5

pain during exercise

dull ache at rest

Question 6

what is a sprain

Answer 6

stretched or torn ligament (bone to bone)

Question 7

where do sprains most commonly occur

Answer 7

wrist or ankle

Question 8

injury levels of sprain

Answer 8

mild - slight overstretch
moderate - fibres torn
severe- complete rupture

Question 9

what is a strain

Answer 9

stretched or torn muscle or ligament

Question 10

where are strains most common

Answer 10

hamstrings or back

Question 11

what are contusions

Answer 11

bruises causes by underlying tissue damage

Question 12

hyperflexion/posterior blow to knee lead to

Answer 12

cruciate ligament and capsule damage

Question 13

lateral/medial blow to knee leads to

Answer 13

ACL, medical collateral ligament and meniscus damage

Question 14

flexion of knee and rotation of tibia during skiing leads to

Answer 14

ACL and medial meniscus damage

Question 15

hyperextension of knee leads to

Answer 15

damage to posterior ligament and capsule

Question 16

overuse of knee joint can lead to

Answer 16

osteoarthritis and bursitis

Question 17

what is the function of the menisci

Answer 17

increase contact area between articular surfaces to spread load and avoid premature wear and tear

Question 18

trapped or torn menisci can lead to

Answer 18

knee instability and pain

Question 19

what causes shin splints

Answer 19

repeated trauma to connective tissue on medial surface of tibia

Question 20

what kind of athletes suffer from shin injuries

Answer 20

runners, especially those who train on hard surfaces

Question 21

what causes shoulder dislocation

Answer 21

falling onto hand from height

force on outstretched arm

Question 22

how does swimming lead to shoulder dislocation

Answer 22

back stroke with weak anterior muscles - anterior dislocation
front crawl with weak posterior muscles - posterior dislocation

Question 23

what is impingement syndrome

Answer 23

supraspinatus tendon is rubbed and compressed between humerous and acromion leading to inflammation

Question 24

what are the two main types of elbow injury

Answer 24

tennis elbow - out elbow- strain of common extensor tendon

golfers elbow - inner elbow - strain of common flexor tendon

Question 25

what is a concussion

Answer 25

mild brain injury usually resulting from a blow to the head

Question 26

concussion symptoms include

Answer 26

headache, dizziness, confusion, visual problems

Question 27

what is the main non-surgical treatment of sports injuries

Answer 27

PRICE - protection, rest, ice, compress, elevation

also drugs and physiotherapy

Question 28

surgical treatments for knee menisci

Answer 28

repair and collagen implants

Question 29

surgical treatment for cruicate ligaments

Answer 29

grafts from tendons

Question 30

surgical treatment for bone fracture

Answer 30

external fixators, pins and plates

Question 31

risk factors for sports injuries

Answer 31

poor conditioning, poor technique, fatigue and improper warm ups