sports injuries Flashcards
what differentiates acute injuries from chronic injuries
acute is sudden and chronic is wear and tear from over time
unexpected disruption of normal sequence of movements occurs in which type of injury
acute injury
symptoms of acute injuries?
sudden pain swelling not able to place pressure or weight abnormal limb or joint movement bone or joint visibly out of place
wear and tear in chronic injuries occurs from
poor training methods
inadequate or poorly maintained equipment
anatomical variation
symptoms of chronic injuries
pain during exercise
dull ache at rest
what is a sprain
stretched or torn ligament (bone to bone)
where do sprains most commonly occur
wrist or ankle
injury levels of sprain
mild - slight overstretch
moderate - fibres torn
severe- complete rupture
what is a strain
stretched or torn muscle or ligament
where are strains most common
hamstrings or back
what are contusions
bruises causes by underlying tissue damage
hyperflexion/posterior blow to knee lead to
cruciate ligament and capsule damage
lateral/medial blow to knee leads to
ACL, medical collateral ligament and meniscus damage
flexion of knee and rotation of tibia during skiing leads to
ACL and medial meniscus damage
hyperextension of knee leads to
damage to posterior ligament and capsule
overuse of knee joint can lead to
osteoarthritis and bursitis
what is the function of the menisci
increase contact area between articular surfaces to spread load and avoid premature wear and tear
trapped or torn menisci can lead to
knee instability and pain
what causes shin splints
repeated trauma to connective tissue on medial surface of tibia
what kind of athletes suffer from shin injuries
runners, especially those who train on hard surfaces
what causes shoulder dislocation
falling onto hand from height
force on outstretched arm
how does swimming lead to shoulder dislocation
back stroke with weak anterior muscles - anterior dislocation
front crawl with weak posterior muscles - posterior dislocation
what is impingement syndrome
supraspinatus tendon is rubbed and compressed between humerous and acromion leading to inflammation
what are the two main types of elbow injury
tennis elbow - out elbow- strain of common extensor tendon
golfers elbow - inner elbow - strain of common flexor tendon
what is a concussion
mild brain injury usually resulting from a blow to the head
concussion symptoms include
headache, dizziness, confusion, visual problems
what is the main non-surgical treatment of sports injuries
PRICE - protection, rest, ice, compress, elevation
also drugs and physiotherapy
surgical treatments for knee menisci
repair and collagen implants
surgical treatment for cruicate ligaments
grafts from tendons
surgical treatment for bone fracture
external fixators, pins and plates
risk factors for sports injuries
poor conditioning, poor technique, fatigue and improper warm ups
