cardiac rehab Flashcards
what are the warning signs for MI
pain in the jaw, neck, arm, shoulder or back
chest pressure, squeezing or pain
nausea, sweating or feeling faint
shortness of breath
what are some immediate treatments for MI
aspirin - reduce clotting factor activity nitroglycerin - vasodilator streptokinase - fibrinolysis morphine - pain relief give oxygen
what is the mortality rate of patients with hospital care only, aspirin only, streptokinase only and a combination of aspirin and streptokinase
hospital care - 13%
aspirin only - 11%
streptokinase - 10%
combination - 8%
what is the purpose of CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation aims to externally pump the heart and force oxygen into the lungs
what is the purpose of defibrillation
in case of ventricular fibrillation - where electrical signal is not sufficient to cause correct contraction of the ventricle - leading to heart failure
defibrillation attempts to stop the heart in the hope that the natural pacemaker mechanism will take over
what features on an ECG can suggest MI
1-8h post - St segment elevation
8h to 2 days post - increased q wave
> 2 days - T wave inversion
why is troponin important for MI
troponin is released when cardiac myocytes are damaged
blood troponin levels can suggest the severity of MI and potentially predict the risk of mortality
what is an adjunctive treatment
a treatment administered alongside the primary treatment to assist the primary treatment
what are some adjunctive treatments for MI
beta-blockers - reduce infarct size and mortality
anti-platelet agents - reduces risk of thrombus formation
heparin - reduces risk of thrombus formation
what is cardiac rehabilitation
activities required to influence favourably the underlying causes of the disease so that people may resume a normal place in the community
what is phase 1 of cardiac rehab
inpatient stage - change in cardiac condition
includes medical evaluation, reassurance and education, risk factor assessment and planning, discharge planning
what is phase 2 cardiac rehab
early post discharge phase - patients typically feel anxious and insecure
psychological distress is a powerful predictor of the outcome following MI
support can be provided at home, by phone or by the heart manual
what information is available to patients through the manual
exercise education
mental and physical benefits
what is phase 3 of cardiac rehab
structured exercise training and psychological support and risk factor advise
patients with serious psychotic illness, complicating diseases or unstable cardiac condition should not take part in the exercise training
what is phase 4 of cardiac rehab
exercise training 2x per week for 8 weeks
functional capacity and cardiac function measured beforehand
training for high risk patients should be in the hospital or other facility with resuscitation equipment
blood pressure is measured before and after class
pulse rate taken during class using pulse oximeter
phase 4 consists of long term maintenance of exercise and lifestyle changes
