Sports and Self Care

Question 1

Ankle injuries and Knee injuries

Answer 1

10 million/year
&
Millions

Question 2

Strains are…

Answer 2

overstretched muscle, tendon, ligament

No tissue disruption

1st degree: Pain, mild spasm, tenderness, edema

2nd degree: Torn muscle fibers with intact sheath, bleeding, pain, functional disability

3rd degree: Disabling pain, muscle spasms, sheath is partially torn

Question 3

Sprains…

Answer 3

Partial or complete ruptured ligament fibers

Pain, tenderness, edema, restricted function, erythema, inflammation.

Question 4

Sprain degrees:

Answer 4

1st: few damaged areas, no muscle disability
2nd: Inflammation, hemorrhage
3rd: Complete tear, severe pain, loss of function

Question 5

Broken bones and concussions…

Answer 5

Are not appropriate for self-care. Beware of staging for concussions.

Question 6

Treating sports injuries:

PRICE

Answer 6

Protection
Rest
Ice/cold
Compression
Elevation

Question 7

RICE

Answer 7

Rest
Ice/cold
Compression
Elevation

Question 8

Cyrotherapy

Answer 8

Local cooling

vasoconstriction—-> decreases skin and underlying tissue temp

Decreases inflammation within injured ligaments by inhibiting histamine, neutrophil activation, collaganese activity, synovial leukocytes

1st. 24-48 hrs of acute injury

Question 9

Thermotherapy

Answer 9

104-113.9F
for 15-20 min

Caution with children, pregnancy, RA

Question 10

Non prescription topical medications

Answer 10

Topical analgesics, topical anesthetics, anti-pruritcis, counter irritants

Question 11

Topical Analgesics

Answer 11

Raise threshold for pain response - subq terminal nerve endings

Depress cutaneous sensory receptors

Ingredients: camphor and capsaicin

Question 12

Topical Anesthetics

Answer 12

Block pain receptors to numb the area

Ingredients: Benzocaine, lidocaine, Pramoxine

Question 13

Anti-Pruritics

Answer 13

Relieve itching

Ingredients: Diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, pramoxine, menthol, camphor

Question 14

Counter Irritants

Answer 14

Cause irritation or inflammation to the skin to relieve pain in muscles, joints, or viscera beneath the site of application (capsaicin, menthol, camphor)

Stimulates receptors in skin, affecting deeper structures of the body

Reversible, transient inflammation or irritation of the skin

Question 15

Counter Irritant Concerns

Answer 15

Do not apply to broken/damaged skin

Do not bandage

Do not use in eyes

External use only

2 years and older

No heat

No more than 3 to 4 times a day

Question 16

Internal pain medications:

Answer 16

Acetaminophen - caution with max per day based on age/weight

Ibuprofen - caution with max per day based on age

• stomach concerns - take with food
• caution with kidney problems

Naproxen - Must be 12 years and older to use

• Take with a full glass of water
• Caution with kidney problems

Question 17

Minor wounds

Answer 17

Irrigate with saline —-> apply first aid antiseptic —–> Cover —–> Apply tape

Question 18

Wraps & Braces

Answer 18

Limit mobility
Compression
Stability
Slings, splints, braces, tapes

Question 19

Crutches

Answer 19

• Triage
• Patient should be present
• Comfort
• Shoes, two finger widths, elbow slightly flexed

Question 20

Bandages

Answer 20

• Triage
• Butterfly
• Skin break
• Absorbs
• Protects
• Ensures
• Prevent
• Not with camphorated metacresol or phenol