Home Diagnostics

Question 1

Two key values of OTC medications and devices

Answer 1

Accessibility and affordability

Question 2

Pregnancy tests detect what?

Answer 2

For hCG in the urine

Question 3

One week after a missed period..Test is..

Answer 3

97% accurate

Question 4

You can get false negatives from..

Answer 4

Testing too early

Refrigerating urine and not re-warming it up..

Or using wax-lined cups or cups with soap residue

Question 5

False positives..

Answer 5

Very rare.

Question 6

Best practices for using pregnancy test:

Answer 6

Test first thing in the morning (urine most concentrated)

Apply urine directly for appropriate amount of time

Re-test in 1 week if the test is negative and menstruation has not begun

If 2nd test is negative and menstruation has not started, go see health care professional

Question 7

Infertility is?

Answer 7

inability to conceive after one year of unsuccessful attempts

Estimated at 6% of married women ages 15-44

Question 8

Basal thermometers

Answer 8

Resting basal body temp during the frst part of the female reproductive cycle is 96-97.5 .

24-48 hours after ovulation it rises to 98.6F

Question 9

Urine based tests:

Answer 9

To detect LH surge that procedes ovulation by 20-48 hours

Begin using the test 2-4 days before ovulation is expected or on the sixth day after menstruation starts

Question 10

Transdermal ovulation detection devices (wristwatch) $$$$

Answer 10

Biosensor to detect and measure chloride ion fluctuation as a metric to predict ovulation

Chloride in perspiration peaks 5 days before ovulation

Interference can occur from excessive moisture, liver/kidney disease, menopause, breast feeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome

Counseling points:

• Do not expose watch to water or showering before wearing the watch
• Wait one hour after exercising or showering before wearing the patch
• Use watch on the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd day of the menstrual period

Question 11

Low sperm count =

Answer 11

20 million sperm cells/mL

Question 12

Sperm testing:

Answer 12

Two “low” test results obtained at least 3 days apart but no more than 7 days apart may indicate male infertility

Question 13

Sample collection of sperm:

Answer 13

Must take place between 2 and 7 days after last ejaculation, and testing must take place within 3 hours of sample collection

Question 14

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Hidden blood

Answer 14

Rectal bleeding is an early and common symptom of colorectal cancer

Melena - black stool

UGIB - upper GI bleed

Hematochezia - red blood in or with stool

BRPBR - another term

Question 15

FOBT testing?

Answer 15

Invasive - Colonoscopy is preferred

Noninvasive - test stool sample for traces of blood

Question 16

Mechanism for FOBT testing?

Answer 16

Hemoglobin in blood + tetramethylbenzidine = blue green color on test which is a positive test

Toilet test: detects blood that rises to surface

Manual stool application: Wooden stick and stool

Question 17

Matrix blood =

Surface blood =

Answer 17

Upper GI
Lower GI

Aspirin, NSAIDS, and steroids may reduce GI bleeding

Vitamin C may create a false negative result
Red meat can create a false positive result

Question 18

Percent of american adults with high cholesterol

Answer 18

14%

Home test should not replace complete lipid panel conducted by health care provider

Do not self adjust cholesterol medications

Question 19

UTI

Answer 19

Retrograde migration of bacteria from the skin into the urethra

Question 20

UTI tests:

Answer 20

Nitrite only: UTI hormone test

Nitrite + leukocyte esterase test: AZO test strips (more accurate)
Tetracycline and vitamin C can result in false negative

Question 21

UTI treatment:

Answer 21

Phenazopyridine:—->

OTC (azo-standard): 95mg, two tablets TID (with/after meals) for up to two days

Rx: (pyridium) 100mg, two tablets TID (with/after meals) for 2 days with an antibiotic

Discolors urine.

Question 22

HIV

Answer 22

18% of affected individuals are undiagnosed

Question 23

HIV tests:

Answer 23

Screening test (OTC)

Blood test -

Saliva test - In home use, 20-40 minutes

Question 24

Hep C

Answer 24

Most common bloodborne infection in the U.S.