Sport Revision Flashcards by Mario Mefor

What are the 5 types of bone

Flat bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Sesamoid bone
Long bone

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What are the 5 types of flat bone

Pelvis
Sternum
Cranium
Ribs
Scapula

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What is the only type of sesamoid bone

Patella

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What is the only type of irregular bone

Vertebral column

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What are the three classifications of joints

Synovial joints
Slightly movable joints
Fixed joints

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What are the 6 types of synovial joints

Ball and socket
Saddle joint
Pivot joint
Condyloid joint
Hinge joint
Gliding joint

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What is an axial skeleton

This protects the major organs of the body like the cranium and the sternum, it’s the center core of the body

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What is the appendicular skeleton

This skeleton provides the body with movement

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What is the equation to calculate minute ventilation

Tidal volume times frequency

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What is the equation to calculate cardiac output

Heart rate times stroke volume

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What are the structures of a synovial joint

Ligament
Joint capsule
Articulate cartilage
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid

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What are the different structures of the respiratory system and what is the directional flow of air

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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What are short term effects of exercise

Increase in stroke volume
Increase in cardiac output
Increase in blood pressure

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Describe expiration at rest

The intercostal muscles relax and it goes back to its original position, the diaphragm then moves up and down as a result of this you have a decrease in volume and an increase in pressure

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What term describes the combination of flexion, extension, abduction and addiction

Circumduction

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What term refers to specifically to the radioulnar joint turning the palm upwards

Supination and pronation

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What is ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate

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What is ADP

Adenosine Di-phosphate

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What is an exothermic reaction

Any reaction that produces energy

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What is an endothermic reaction

A reaction that needs to energy to happen

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What are the 6 functions of the Skeleton

Protection
Shape
Mineral storage
Movement
Blood production
Support

What is the function of the triscupid valve

Separates the right atrium and right ventricle and it also prevents the back flow of blood

What is the function of the mitral valave

Separates the left atrium and left ventricle and it also prevents the backflow of blood

What are the four valves in the directional flow of blood

Mitral valve
Triscupid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

What is vascular shunt

The redistribution of blood around the body

What is venous return

The return of blood back to the heart

What are the five blood vessels

Arterioles Capillaries Veins Venues

What is the function of the venules

Connects capillaries to the veins

What is function of the arterioles

Connects arteries to the capillaries

What happens to increase blood flow

Increases the smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles which relaxes and causes Vasodilation

What happens when constructing blood flow

The smooth muscle in the tunica media of the arterioles contracts and causes vasoconstriction, the pre capillary sphincters then close.

What are the four components of blood

White blood cell Red blood cell Plasma Platelets

Describe inhalation during exercise

The diaphragm contracts and flattens and the external intercostal muscles contract which forces the rib cage up and out. The muscles like the sternocleidomastoid, scalane and pectoral is major assist the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreases air pressure

Describe inhalation during rest

The external intercostal muscles contract which forces the ribcage up and out, the diaphragm relaxes and domes up

What is the equation for exothermic reaction

ATP= ADP + P + energy

What is equation for an endothermic reaction

ADP+ P + energy= ATP

What are the long term effects of exercise

Increase in capillary density Increased number of alveoli Respiratory muscles get stronger

What is the function of the articulate cartilage

Protects the ends of the bone and reduces friction

What is the function of the Synovial fluid

Allows smooth movement at a joint and reduces friction

What is the function of the joint capsule

Encapsulates the fluid

What is the function of the synovial membrane

Produces the fluid and put nutrients in and out of the fluid

What is the function of the ligament

Joins a bone to a bone

What is an example of a ball and socket joint

Hip or shoulder

What are some examples of a condyloid joint

The wrist

What is an example of a pivot joint

Radio ulnar joint or neck

What is an example of a gliding joint

Tarsals or carpals

What are the examples of a saddle joint

Thumb

Describe expiration during exercise

The intercostal muscles forced the rib cage down and inwards, the diaphragm is forced upwards and this assisted by the rectus abdominus and overall there is an increase in pressure and decrease in volume

What term refers specifically to three spine and bending to the side

Lateral flexion

Where does gaseous exchange happen

Capillaries