Sport Psychology

Question 1

What is the trait theory?

Answer 1

• We are all born with innate characteristics and traits

Question 2

What does the trait theory say about extroverted people?

Answer 2

• They will always give their opinions

Question 3

Give a fault with the trait theory

Answer 3

• personality changes with experience and situations

Question 4

What do young athletes tend to be?

Answer 4

• rash

Question 5

What do experienced athletes tend to be?

Answer 5

• calm

- focused

Question 6

What does the social learning approach suggest?

Answer 6

Behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation

Question 7

Define socialisation

Answer 7

Developing personality traits by associating and learning from others

Question 8

What are the 2 types of socialisation?

Answer 8

1. Friends, family (Primary)

2. School, media etc. (Secondary)

Question 9

When do we usually copy behaviour?

Answer 9

We copy behaviour of successful people or when it is reinforced

Question 10

What is vicarious learning?

Answer 10

Seeing others work being rewarded and being motivated to do the same

Question 11

Finish this: observe -> identify …

Answer 11

Reinforced -> copy

Question 12

Give a sporting example of primary socialisation

Answer 12

Following the team your family supports

Question 13

What is the interactionist perspective

Answer 13

Combines traits and social learning to predict behaviour

Question 14

What does the interactionist theory suggest about behaviour

Answer 14

It is a function of personality and environment

Question 15

What are the 3 features of the Hollander approach?

Describe them.

Answer 15

1. Core - values of competitor
2. Typical responses - use of inherit traits displayed
3. Role related - may adapt a role when the situation demands

Question 16

Define credulous approach

Answer 16

Believing the theories

Question 17

Define sceptical approach

Answer 17

Not believing theories

Question 18

How can interactionist improve performance?

Answer 18

• coach can predict potentially aggressive or unacceptable behaviour
• coach can recreate situations to get player used to situation

Question 19

Gives pros of a questionnaire to measure personality

Answer 19

Efficient, quick, deals with a lot of info

Question 20

Gives cons of a questionnaire to measure personality

Answer 20

Biased, misunderstood questions

Question 21

Gives pros of observation to measure personality

Answer 21

True to life, during real game

Question 22

Gives cons of observation to measure personality

Answer 22

Subjective, behaviour change when watched

Question 23

Gives pros of a interview to measure personality

Answer 23

More depth, specific

Question 24

Gives cons of an interview to measure personality

Answer 24

Time, similar to questionnaire

Question 25

Define attitude

Answer 25

Ideas changed with emotions

Question 26

What is aggression

Answer 26

Uncontrolled
Intent to harm
Outside rules

Question 27

What is assertion

Answer 27

Controlled
No intent to harm
Within rules

Question 28

Achievement motivation

Answer 28

The desire with which competitive situations are approached or avoided

Question 29

Approach behaviour NACH

Answer 29

The need to achieve. Welcomes competition and take risks. Attributes success internally.

Question 30

Avoidance behaviours NAF

Answer 30

Avoid failure and avoid competition and take the easy option

Question 31

How to develop NACH

Answer 31

• set goals
• goals should be realistic
• use reinforcement
• Improve confidence
• Allow success

Question 32

Achievement goal theory

Answer 32

Motivation and task persistence depend on the type of goals set and how they succeed

Question 33

Social inhibition

Answer 33

The negative effect of the presence of others on performance

Question 34

Social facilitation

Answer 34

The positive effect of the presence on performance