Sport Psychology Flashcards
Skill
A learned action to bring about the result you want with certainity and minimum effort
Ability
A set of traits that are inherited
Basic Skill
Doesnt require much thought or decision making
e.g running
Complex skill
Lots of thought or decision making is required
e.g overhead kick
open skill
performed in a changing enviroment where a performer has to adapt and react to external factors
e.g hockey tackle
Closed skill
a predictable enviroment - not affected by external factors
e.g penalty kick
Self paced skill
Controlled by the performer
e.g tennis serve
Externally paced skill
external factors are in control
e.g tennis return
gross skill
involves powerful movements by large muscle groups
e.g rugby tackle
fine skill
uses snmaller muscle groups to carry out precise movements that require accuracy and cordination
e.g throwing a dart
performance goals
based on improving your own personal performance
outcome goals
focuses on the end result such as winning
reasons for performance goals
Not comparing yourself to others
Focus is on improving personal performance
More motivating
Do not rely on others
Reasons for outcome goals
motivate advanced players
performance may decrease if they are focused on end result
yu dont always have control over end result - rely on other performers
Why do should you use goal setting
to keep the performer motivated
to plan successful training sessions
monitor progress
to keep the performer focused
boost confidence of performer
What does the acronym SMART stand for
Specific - Must be clear and focused on what you want to improve
Measurable - It must have something that can be measured e.g time, distance
Accepted - decide on my all the participants in the process
Realistic - it is practical and can be possible given your ability to perform
Time Bound - a time frame to be completed in - helps to see the effect of training
4 types of guidance
Mechanical
Visual
Manual
Verbal
mechanical guidance
coach uses equipment to help support the performer by improving technique
Advantages and disadvantages of Mechanical guidance
+ Can get a feel for the movement
+ Builds confidence
+ Reduces danger
-Not the same as doing the skill
-Dependent on support
-Not used in large groups
verbal guidance
The performer is told information about how to complete the correct technique
Advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance
+ Instructions can be given quickly
+ No equipment required
+ Can be used during performance
-Can be unclear and confusing
-Some movements are difficult to explain
-relies on coaches communication
Visual guidance
when the perfomer is shown the skill - pictures, demonstrations, videos
Advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance
+ Can copy the movement
+ Can be done in large groups
-Demonstration may be poor/incorrect
-Time consuming
-Not good for complex skills
Manual guidance
Coach physically supports or moves the performer to get into right position
Advantages and disadvantages of Manual guidance
+ Feel for the movement
+ Builds confidence
+ Breaks down the movement into phases
-Performer can be dependent on support
-Only used 1 on 1
-not the same feel as doing the skill unaided
intrinsic feedback
feedback within the performer - personal opinion
Works best for experienced performers as they can spot their own errors
Extrinsic feedback
feedback from someone else
someone watching can observe errors
best for less-experienced performers
knowledge of results
focuses on the outcome
knowledge of performance
focuses on how the skill and technique was carried out
negative feedback
what you didnt do well
can help to motivate advanced performers by setting targets
positive feedback
focuses on what went well
better for beginners as it keeps them motivated
what is information processing
making decisions based on gathering information from senses
information processing model
Input - information recieved, selcetive attention focuses on relevant information
Decision making - appropriate response using input - short term or long term memory
Output - information sent to muscles to carry out response
Feedback - intrinsic and extrinsic feedback
why do performers mentally prepare
stay focused, confident and motivated
to keep control of emotions
cope with stress
what are stress management techniques that help to lower arousal
mental rehersal - mentally performing a skill or movement
visualisation - visualise a successful outcome or a stress free enviroment to reduce anxiety
deep breathing - lower heart rate and make you feel more calm - lowers arousal
positive self talk - encouraging and motivating yourself with positive thoughts
arousal
a physical or mental state of alertness or readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement
The relationship between performance and arousal with the ‘Inverted U-graph’
low arousal - not very excited so unlikely to perform well
optimal aroual - the point at which the best performances occur
over arousal - performance decreases because you are over anxious
intrinsic motivation
personal drive from the enjoyment of physical activity
pride, satisfaction, accomplishment, self-worth
extrinsic motivation
motivation from external sources
tangible - you can touch it e.g money or trophies
intagible - cant touch it e.g praise
what type of motivation is more effective
intrinsic is better because it is not reliant on external source
if you are too extrinsically motivated you might not try as hard when there is no reward
direct aggression
physical contact with another person to cause harm
normally against the rules of sport
players do it in hope of not getting caught
indirect agression
doesnt involve physical contact
could be an act against an object to gain advantage
what are the two types of personality
introvert and extrovert
introvert
enjoy being on there own
shy, quiet, reserved
individual sports
fine skills, high concentration, low arousal
extrovert
sociable and bored on there own
enthusiastic, talkative
team sports
fast paced, gross skills, low concentration
