Sport Psychology Flashcards
What are the 4 types of guidance?
- Visual
- Verbal
- Manual
- Mechanical
What is visual guidance?
Guidance where a performer can see something
Give an example of visual guidance?
- Demonstration of a technique
- Footage of performance (elite)
- Photographs/Posters
Advantages of visual guidance.
- Useful for all levels
- Performers can copy skill
- Especially good for beginners
- Specific part of skill can be seen
Disadvantages of visual guidance.
- Demonstrations must be of good quality
- Some skills too complex to demonstrate
- Performers must be fully engaged
What is verbal guidance?
Guidance that is provided by another person speaking to you
Examples of verbal guidance?
- A coach highlighting performers technique
- A coach highlighting trigger points
Disadvantages of verbal guidance.
- Can result in information overload
- Can be boring
- Complex things are often difficult to verbalise
Advantages of verbal guidance.
- Useful for higher level performers
- Good way of highlighting key teaching points
- Sharing basic information and instructions
- Questioning (make performers think)
What is manual guidance?
Guidance that involves physically moving the performer
Examples of manual guidance.
- Supporting performer for safety (gymnast in vault)
- Physically moving performer’s arm into correct position
Advantages of manual guidance.
- Good for complete beginners
- Allows performer to develop to correct feel
Disadvantages of manual guidance.
- Performer may start relying on the guidance
- Movement can feel different when someone else is moving your body for you
What is mechanical guidance?
Guidance using mechanical aids to assist a performer
Examples of mechanical guidance.
- Use of arm bands (swim)
- Use of a trampoline harness
Advantages of mechanical guidance.
- Good for confidence building
- Allows performer to gain a feel for the movement without fear
- Good for potentially dangerous skills
Disadvantages of mechanical guidance.
- Performer can come to rely on the aid
- Equipment needed may be expensive
What is feedback?
Feedback is information that a performer receives
What are all 6 types of feedback?
- Positive
- Negative
- Intrinsic
- Extrinsic
- Knowledge of results
- Knowledge of performance
What is positive feedback?
Feedback that informs athletes what was correct about movement
What is negative feedback?
Feedback that informs athlete what was incorrect about movement
What is knowledge of results?
Feedback about the outcome
What is knowledge of performance?
Feedback about the quality of performance, for example technique
What is extrinsic feedback?
Feedback from an external source (coach, teammates)
What is intrinsic feedback?
Feedback from within
Which forms of feedback are best suited for beginners?
- Positive Feedback
- Knowledge of Results
- Extrinsic Feedback
What is arousal?
A physical and mental state of alertness/readiness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement/alertness
What is optimal arousal?
The level of arousal at which an athlete performs at their best
What does the term somatic mean?
Using the body
What does the term cognitive mean?
Controlled inside your head using your thoughts/mind
What are three stress management techniques?
- Deep Breathing
- Positive Self Talk
- Mental Rehearsal/Visualisation
What is motivation?
The drive to succeed or the desire to achieve something
What is intrinsic motivation?
The drive that comes from within the performer
What is extrinsic motivation?
The drive experienced by a performer when striving to achieve a reward
