Sport Psych- Confidence and self-efficacy

Question 1

what is sports confidence?

Answer 1

-the belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in their sport
-the general disposition or feeling we may have in a variety of situations in sport

Question 2

what is having high levels of sports confidence often associated with?

Answer 2

someone having little that doubt that they will achieve in sport

Question 3

what do you have when you have high levels of sport confidence?

Answer 3

You have firm belief in your own judgements and ability in sport

Question 4

what is self- efficacy?

Answer 4

the self- confidence we have in specific situations

Question 5

example of self- efficacy in sport

Answer 5

A tennis player’s belief in how many first serves will be successful

Question 6

How can sport confidence impact on performance sport?

with example

Answer 6

-you many be more motivated to achieve
-will take firm decisions that are more likely to have positive outcomes in sport if you have high self confidence
-a confident athlete in 100m is more likely to achieve a better time than someone with low sports confidence ence

Question 7

How can sport confidence impact participation?

Answer 7

-low confidence-> may shy away from activities and avoid situations related to big competitions

Question 8

How does high confidence affect participation?

Answer 8

-enable participation with other people
-not feel inhibited, more able to engage in team activities

Question 9

How does sport confidence affect levels of self- esteem?

Answer 9

-high sport confidence-> often have higher self-esteem
|> which will help performance as sport often demands high levels of arousal or drive to achieve
-low levels of sport confidence-> experience low self esteem, feel as though they are not good enough or valuable enough to contribute to team or individual performance

Question 10

From an early age, what can positively or negatively affect a child’s self esteem

Answer 10

-sport experiences
-relationships with parents/ carers, coaches and team mates can all have an impact
-problems with self-esteem can continue into later life is not addressed

Question 11

what is positive self esteem also also key to?

Answer 11

-psychological wellbeing
-children with positive self esteem are better at coping with wins and losses in sport and life

Question 12

What life time benefits can enhanced coping skills from positive self- esteem translate into?

Answer 12

-reduced anxiety
-a more optimistic look on life
-fewer interpersonal problems
-less chance of conforming to social pressure
-better body image
-less likely to engage is risky behaviour such as drug use

Question 13

what are children with negative self-esteem more likely to be/ do?

Answer 13

-be depressed
-having eating disorders
-engage in risky behaviour
-not participate in sport or physical activity
-victim of bullying or become a bully

Question 14

what is Vealey’s sport confidence model?

Answer 14

-1986, investigates the relationship between achievement and motivation or competitiveness and self- confidence in sport

Question 15

what does Vealey’s confidence model show?

Answer 15

-every athlete has an existing level of sport confidence (trait) and existing level of competitiveness (competitive orientation)
-the amounts of S-C trait and competitive orientation are indicative of the confidence shown in a specific sporting situation (SC state) or level of self- efficacy during a competition

Question 16

According to Vealey’s model what does the level of S-C state dictate?

Question 17

Vealey’s model

If an athlete has a high level of s-c state, what is their behaviour more likely to be like?

Answer 17

-their behaviour is more likely to be confident and well motivated
-subsequently, their performance is more likely to improve

Question 18

Vealey’s model

If an athlete has a low level of s-c state, what is the athlete’s behaviour more likely to be like?

Answer 18

-behaviour is likely to be tentative and lacking in confidence, may therefore turn into a poor performance

Question 19

Vealey’s model

what will prevail after the performance?

and what are these known as?

Answer 19

satisfaction or disappointment

-known as subjective perceptions of outcome
|> will in turn affect the athletes confidence and competitiveness in the future

Question 20

Simple relationship between confidence and success

Answer 20

-the more confident you are-> the more successful you will be
-the more successful you are-> the more confident you will be

Question 21

what are subjective perceptions of outcomes?

Answer 21

how someone interprets their performance in sport

Question 22

Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

what can confidence be according to Bandura?

Answer 22

Self-confidence can often be specific to a particular situation
|> Bandura calls this self- efficacy

Question 23

Describe Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

Answer 23

-1977
-self- confidence, can vary situation to situation, according to Bandura, can affect performance if individual is skilful enough
-people who expect to be confident in a particular situation are more likely to chose that activity
-people who expect to have low self- efficacy in a situation will avoid that activity

Question 24

Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

Our expectations of self- efficacy depend of 4 types of information , what are they?

Answer 24

-Performance accomplishments
-vicarious experiences
-verbal persuasion
-emotional arousal

Question 25

Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

Describe how performance accomplishments affects expectation of self-efficacy

Answer 25

-strongest influence on self- confidence
-if success has been experienced in the past, especially if attributed to controllable factors-> then feelings of self- confidence are likely to be high

Question 26

Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

Describe how vicarious experiences affect expectations of self-efficacy

Answer 26

-refer to what we have observed before
-if we watch other perform and be successful, more likely to experience high self- efficacy-> as long as the performers we are watching are of a similar standard

Question 27

Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

Describe how verbal persuasion affects expectations of self- efficacy

Answer 27

• if we are encouraged to try a particular activity, our confidence in that situation may increase
• the effectiveness of this encouragement depends on who is encouraging us and in what ways
  -significant others (e.g friends, family) are more likely to persuade us to have a go than strangers

Question 28

Bandura’s theory of self- efficacy

Describe how emotional arousal affects expectations of self- efficacy

Answer 28

• our perceptions of how aroused we are can affect our confidence in a particular situation
  -if you have effective strategies to control physiological and psychological arousal levels (e.g relax or use mental rehearsal)-> more likely to have high self- efficacy

Question 29

Summary:
what is sport confidence?

Answer 29

the belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport

Question 30

Summary:
what can sport confidence affect?

Answer 30

-performance
-participation
-self- esteem

Question 31

Summary:
what does Vealey’s sport- specific model of sport confidence investigate?

Answer 31

The relationship between achievement motivation or competitiveness and self- confidence in sport

Question 32

Summary:

What is the chain of effect involving confidence and success according to Vealey?

Answer 32

more confident you are-> more successful you will be-> the more confident you will be

Question 33

Summary:
what are expectations of self- efficacy closely linked to and can affect what?

Answer 33

motivation and can affect the choice of activity, the amount of effort expended and persistence at the task

Question 34

Summary:
what are Bandura’s factors affecting expectations?

Answer 34

-performance accomplishments
-vicarious experiences
-verbal persuasion
-emotional arousal