Sport Injuries Flashcards
What is an acute injury
A sudden injury often with instant and significant pain
What is an example of an acute injury
Fracture Dislocation Sprain/strain Concussions Torn ligament Laceration Hamstring strain Groin strain Rib fracture
List some heat related injurys
Dehydration
Heat stroke
Heat exhaustion
What are chronic and overuse injuries a result of
High work loads and little rest
Common in younger athletes
What are shin splints
Pain in the front of the leg, where the muscle is pulling away from the bone
What are causes of shin splints
Pour posture
Too much training
Fallen arches
Bad running technique
What can help prevent injuries
Modified equipment Stay hydrated Good coaching Protective equipment Ground maintenance Taping Stretching Fitness
What is a direct impact injury?
Is a direct collision with a person or object
What is a Indirect injury
An injury where the bone,muscle or ligament has more pressure applied to it then it can handle
Examples of overuse or chronic
injuries
Shin splints
Osteitis pubis
Tennis elbow
Soft tissue injuries
Bones Muscles Ligament Tendon Cartilages
What is a strain
Muscle fiber and tendons are over stretched or torn
What is a sprain
A sprain is a joint that has been forced beyond its abilities
Body’s response to soft tissue injury
Bleeding
Bruising
Pain
What is hard tissue?
Hard tissue is bone or teeth
Example of hard tissue injuries
Broken bone or smashed teeth
Example of direct impact injuries
Being struck by another person ( tackle in rugby)
Being hit by an object( cricket, netball
What is a simple fracture
a fracture of the bone only, without damage to the surrounding tissues or breaking of the skin.
What is a compound fracture
an injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection
What is a concussion
temporary unconsciousness or confusion and other symptoms caused by a blow on the head.
Concussions symptoms
Headache Black out Poor balance Amnesia Disorientation Sleep disorientation Sleepiness Nausea
What is a bruise
.
an injury appearing as an area of discoloured skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.
What is a hematoma
a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
What is a dislocation
injury or disability caused when the normal position of a joint or other part of the body is disturbed.
What is a stress fracture
injury or disability caused when .a fracture of a bone caused by repeated (rather than sudden) mechanical stress
What is a cramp
painful involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscles, typically caused by fatigue or strain.
What is dehydration
Excessive loss of water from the body.
Symptoms of dehydration
Increase thirs Dry mouth Tired or sleepy Decrease in urination Headache Dry skin Dizziness
What is a blister
.
a small bubble on the skin filled with pus and caused by friction, burning, or other damage.
What is a cut
make an opening, incision, or wound in (something) with a sharp-edged tool or object.
What is abrasion
: wearing, grinding, or rubbing away of the skin caused by friction.
injury prevention equipment
Rubber ball Shin pads Helmet Box Plastic bat Mouth guard
Injury prevention rules
No tackling
Hockey stick not above waist
No head shots
Why is it important to do warm up stretches
Stretching the muscles prepares them for physical activity and prevents injuries.
What dose Totaps stand for
Talk- to the athlete ( find out the pain, how the injury occurred, site of injury, deformity, abnormal sounds.
Observe- mental state, consciousness, position of the body, size, position of limb, shape, colour, athletes pupils and facial expressions.
Touch- fell (lumps, swelling, points of tenderness)
Skin, soft tissue, bones
Active movement-
Is there pain through part or all of the range Assess their willingness to move
Passive movements- gently put the joint or part through a normal range of movement watching the athletes reaction to pain
SKILL TEST
If none of these produce pain, then test the athlete to ensure he/she may return to play.
What is STOP
s- stop the activity
T- talk to the athlete
O- observe movement
P- prevent further injury from occurring
• 1. Severe injury = get help
• 2. Less severe (soft tissue) = RICER • 3. Minor = play on
What dose ricer stand for
R - REST
What?
REST the participant
How?
* Remove the participant from the competition area
* Place the participant in a comfortable position
* The injured part should be immobilised and supported
I - ICE
What?
ICE applied to the injury
How?
One of the following
* Crushed ice in a wet towel/plastic bag
* Immersion in icy water
* Cold pack wrapped in a towel
Apply for 20 minutes every two hours for the first 48 hours.
Caution:
* Do not apply ice directly to skin, as ice burns can occur
Why?
Ice decreases:
* Swelling
* Muscle Spasm
* Secondary damage to the injured area.
C - COMPRESSION
What?
Compression applied to the injured area
How?
Firmly apply an elastic compression bandage over a large area, covering the injured part as well as above and below the injury
Why?
Compression reduces swelling and provided support for the injured part.
E - ELEVATE
What?
Elevate the injured area
How?
Raise the injured area above the level of the heart whenever possible
Why?
Elevation decreases bleeding, swelling and pain.
R - REFER
What?
Refer and record
How?
* Refer to an appropriate healthcare professional for definitive diagnosis and continuing management
* Record your observations, assessment and initial management before referral.
Why?
To obtain and accurate diagnosis and for continuing management.
No harm
NO
H – HEAT
A – ALCOHOL
R – RUNNING
M - MASSAGE
