Sport culture and society Flashcards
How is sport used as a political tool?
Governments use sport to promote ideologies, foster national identity, and improve international relations.
What is ‘soft power’ in sport?
Using sport to project a positive national image and build international relationships.
How was the 1936 Berlin Olympics used politically?
Nazi Germany used it to showcase Aryan superiority, but Jesse Owens’ success challenged this.
What did the Black Power Salute at the 1968 Olympics symbolize?
A protest against racial discrimination in the USA.
Why did the USA boycott the 1980 Moscow Olympics?
In protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
What was ‘Ping Pong Diplomacy’?
Table tennis matches between the USA and China in 1971 that helped ease diplomatic tensions.
How has sport contributed to racial equality?
Athletes like Muhammad Ali and campaigns like ‘Black Lives Matter’ used sport to challenge racism.
What is Title IX, and how has it influenced women’s sports?
A US law increasing funding and participation for women in sports.
How did the 1995 Rugby World Cup impact South Africa?
It fostered national unity in post-apartheid South Africa under Nelson Mandela.
How do international sporting events enhance nationalism?
They create national pride and a ‘feel-good’ factor, showcasing the host country’s culture and achievements.
What is an example of sport promoting diplomacy?
Unified Korean teams in the Olympics symbolizing reconciliation.
What is sportwashing?
Using sport to distract from human rights abuses or a negative international reputation.
Give two examples of sportwashing.
Qatar hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup and Saudi Arabia’s investment in sports events like Formula 1.
How have athletes engaged in political protests recently?
Kneeling during national anthems (e.g., Colin Kaepernick) or wearing political statements (e.g., ‘No Room for Racism’ campaigns).
What was the significance of the 1936 Berlin Olympics?
Showcased Nazi propaganda but highlighted equality through Jesse Owens’ success.
Why is the 1968 Mexico City Olympics iconic in sport and politics?
The Black Power Salute by Tommie Smith and John Carlos spotlighted racial inequality.
How did the London 2012 Olympics impact the UK?
It promoted social inclusion, urban regeneration, and increased sports participation.
How did sport help end apartheid in South Africa?
International boycotts pressured change, and the 1995 Rugby World Cup united the country post-apartheid.
What does ‘soft power’ mean in the context of sport?
Influence through cultural or ideological means, like hosting sporting events.
Define ‘sportwashing.’
The use of sport to distract from a country’s poor human rights record or negative reputation.
What is the ‘feel-good factor’ in sport?
The boost to national pride and morale from sporting successes or hosting major events.
What can sport be seen as
A sign of quality of our society
An escape
National identity
Uniting counties nationally
Breaks down social barriers
What can sport help to do
Improve quality of life
Reduce medical costs
Increase productivity
What is culture
The way of life especially the general customs and beliefs of a particular group of people
What is society
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
What is socialisation
The way humans adjust to their culture
Two types of socialisation
Primary
Secondary
What is primary socialisation
Occurs in early years primarily from family
What is secondary socialisation
Occurs during the later years and could be the influence of friends/school
What is a social institution
A group of people who have come together for a common purpose
(These groups are a part of social order of society and they govern behaviour and expectations of individuals
What 4 basic functions do institutions have in all societies
Regulating individuals behaviours and relations
Preparing individuals for society
Determining the relations between individuals and institutions
Maintaining the social continuity
How do the government use sport as a form of control
CAn help people stay out of trouble (decrease crime rates)
Can help people learn about abiding by rules
How do governments use sport as a mechanism of socialisation
Sport helps us to learn about the norms and values of society
How do governments use sport as a form of national identity
When our nation competes in an international tournament the country comes together
It can help promote that identity abroad (good or bad)
How do governments use sport to promote societal and cultural values
Can help promote values that a society values
Eg. Sportsmanship
What is the shop window effect
When country’s host sporting events they put the best things on show to increase tourism and money
