history of sport

Question 1

what is the 2 tier society

Answer 1

the peasants and the gentlemen

Question 2

what sports did the peasants do

Answer 2

took part in recreational activities at annual festivals, fairs and church related feats

Question 3

what sports did the gentleman take part in

Answer 3

needed to be both sporting and cultural in in gentry circles. their sporting activities included; hunting, real tennis, and dancing

Question 4

what sports became popular for spectators and the beginning of commercialisation

Answer 4

cricket and barefist fighting

Question 5

what are the characteristics of popular recreation sports and why

Answer 5

occasional- didn’t have the time
simple, unwritten rules- cant read
physical force not skill- no practice
violent- sport reflects society
lower class- peasants
local- no transport
limited structure, equipment- no money

Question 6

why is it that these were the characteristics of the sports

Answer 6

sport reflects society

Question 7

what are the stages public school development

Answer 7

stage 1- boy culture, bullying, brutality
stage 2- Dr Arnold, social control
stage 3- athleticism, spread of team games

Question 8

why was stage 1 so brutal

Answer 8

french and american revolutions behaviour was copied by school boys
absence of police force meant unrest was controlled by army and school boys were in control of themselves

Question 9

what were the characteristics of public school that caused violence

Answer 9

boarding allowed more time for recreation
they brought toys from a variety of regions and therefore regionalised games
harsh treatment and living conditions prepared boys for rigorous competitions and future life

Question 10

how did dr thomas arnold help develop stage 2

Answer 10

he was obsessed by immortality and sinfulness of boys and was determined to reform them and their school lives
he wanted a atmosphere of chritisan love and to preach good moral behaviour

Question 11

what activities did the students take part in before Dr Arnold

Answer 11

gambling
hunting
fighting
bullying
fagging
distil liquor
guns

Question 12

how did the house system help the boys

Answer 12

became a focus of the boys personal social and recreational and sporting existence.
it kept the boys out of trouble and they could focus their energy onto it

Question 13

what is athleticism

Answer 13

the combination of physical endeavour and moral integrity

Question 14

what was dr thomas arnold

Answer 14

a muscular christian( he believed that sport could promote positive values

Question 15

what did the games develop and introduce

Answer 15

kit
captains
boundaries
facilities
coaches
inter-house games

Question 16

why was development much slower in girls public school

Answer 16

traditional role of women
wearing slightly revealing clothes for physical exercise
not considered necessary to give girls same opportunities
unladylike
medical concerns

Question 17

what happened to the boys after school

Answer 17

they went to university (loads of different rules came together)

Question 18

when did the FA get set up

Answer 18

1863 (representatives of various teams came together in pub to discuss)

Question 19

what happened in the early FA

Answer 19

banned working class from participating to maintain control
amateur didn’t like being beaten by professional from lower class
prevent mixing of classes
may lead to corruption

Question 20

what is the development of rugby football

Answer 20

1863 FA formed- rugby school rules
hacking (tackling below the knee) was going to be banned so Blackheath walked out
outlaw running with ball until Blackheath walked out so got rid of it in the end apart from goalies and throw ins

Question 21

how did public school increase the spread of sports

Answer 21

agriculture revolution
steam powered machines and factories (transport links)
sports became more civilised

Question 22

how did the industrialisation increase urbanisation

Answer 22

15% in towns in 1750
50% in towns in 1850
85% in towns in 1900

Question 23

what were the negative effects on sport due to industrialisation

Answer 23

• very long days (72 hours)
• less holidays (4 bank holidays)
• RSPCA (led to some sports disappearing)
• police
  -space
• enclosure act (protected green space)
• lack of income
• lack of public provision

Question 24

what were the positive effects on sport due to industrialisation

Answer 24

• equipment could be built
• transport allowed fixtures to be played further afield
• trains took people to sea (spectators)
• able to read and write
• towns built on river allowed aquatic sports
• printing press so newspapers could cover the games
• factory teams
• saturday half day act
• building of proper parks/bath houses= proper hygiene
• more disposable income

Question 25

examples of factory teams

Answer 25

arsenal were called woolsmith arsenal a aourmary shop westham were a hammer shop

Question 26

what is a philanthrophist

Answer 26

a person who helps the poor using their money

Question 27

what did richard and george cadbury do

Answer 27

they built a new village for all their factory workers to live in so they didnt have to live in the poor conditions sports facilities were built and swimming pools where every young boy and girl was encoraged to vbecome a good swimmer

Question 28

what were the conditions like that the factory workers lived in like

Answer 28

slum housing poor ventilation limited daylight lack of washing facilities polluted atmosphere

Question 29

what is amateurism

Answer 29

manliness, striving, physical endeavour following rules moral integrity

Question 30

who started playing the organised sport (amateurism)

Answer 30

started with public school boys then the working classes through factory teams (arsenal) working class turned professionals because they needed time off to train but the upper class put in bans to stop the working class from taking part in sport it was all about fair play and not winning

Question 31

who were original amateaurs

Answer 31

public school boys

Question 32

who were the original professionals

Answer 32

working class

Question 33

why were the working class considered professional

Answer 33

played games locally and needed time off work so got payed top play

Question 34

where did professionals come from

Answer 34

north

Question 35

where did amateurs come from

Answer 35

south

Question 36

who were the amateurs and what did they believe in

Answer 36

- play for love of the game, fair play and sportsmanship - were the organisers of sport - ban those in undesirable occupations - high social status -separate leagues to keep working class out - came from south - origianlly best players

Question 37

who were professionals and where did they come from

Answer 37

-working class who needed to be paid -low status in society and sport -professionalism became more accepted in northern citites (where there was more industrialisation) -cricket played by both but upper class to batting the easier roles whereas lower class took harder roles of bowling

Question 38

lombardian effect

Answer 38

'winning isnt everything, its the only thing'

Question 39

broken time payments

Answer 39

payments made to the working class players to compensate for loss of earnings

Question 40

what is the melting pot of ideas

Answer 40

boys at unu made a collective set of rules from old public school rules- common rules

Question 41

what were the wenlock games

Answer 41

- penny brookes foudede the games in 1850 in much wenlock - aim- promote physical eductaion and moral development through sport - early inspo for modern olympics

Question 42

who was baron pierre de coubertin and what did he do

Answer 42

- inspired by wenlock games so founded interantional olympic commite (1894) - first games in athens 1896

Question 43

what were the aims of the modern olympics

Answer 43

- fair play, sportsmanship, amateriusm, unity, eductaion - shop window effect- shows the best things

Question 44

how did they raise funds for the 1896 games

Answer 44

- ticket sales - commemorative medals - advertising - private donations

Question 45

what is shamateur and what were the issues

Answer 45

under table payments as were amateur so shouldnt get payed - goes against ideals - could be banned - conflicts between player amounts

Question 46

what is athletisism

Answer 46

physical endeavor and moral integrity