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AS H155/2 > Sport And Society > Flashcards

Sport And Society Flashcards

1
Q

Influence of public schools

A

Promotion and organisation.

Promotion of ethics.

Cult of athleticism.

Spread and export of games.

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2
Q

Influence of public schools (Promotion and organisation)

A

Contributed to the development of facilities.

Headmasters promoted it to provide exercise and healthy competition.

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3
Q

Influence of public schools (Promotion of ethics)

A

A second of rules were wrote down to ensure fair play.

Rules were rationalised at university.

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4
Q

Influence of public schools (Cult of athleticism)

A

A combination of physical endeavour and moral integrity.

Developed fair play, competitions and character.

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5
Q

Influence of public schools (Spread and export of games)

A

People took their different games to universities where rules were rationalised.

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6
Q

Social factors shaping the characteristics of sport

A 
Class
Gender
Law and order
Education
Availability of time
Availability of money
Transport
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7
Q

Pre industrial (Class)

A

Different classes have different roles in sport.

Different classes took part in different sports.

(Mob football/real tennis)

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8
Q

Pre industrial (Gender)

A

Males and females took part in different sports.

Smock racing/shin kicking

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9
Q

Pre industrial (Law and order)

A

Affects the type of activity and how it was played.

Mob football/real tennis

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10
Q

Pre industrial (Education)

A

Some sports had more sophisticated rules so players needed to be education.

(Real tennis)

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11
Q

Pre industrial (Availability of time)

A

Lower class worked so could only participate during festivals.

Upper class had more time so could participate whenever.

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12
Q

Pre industrial (Availability of money)

A

Some sports require no equipment so can be played by lower class.

(Shin kicking)

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13
Q

Pre industrial (Transport)

A

Limited transport for lower class means sports are played locally.

(mob football)

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14
Q

Post industrial (Class)

A

Amateurs were upper class as they did not need to be paid so played for love of game.

Professionals were lower class who needed compensation for time off work.

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15
Q

Post industrial (Law and order)

A 
Law makers were upper class so supported upper class sports. 
(Hunting)

Society is now more civilised so there are more rules.

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16
Q

Post industrial (gender)

A

Females have more access to schooling now so play sports within school.
(Real tennis)

Attitudes towards women have become more liberalised.

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17
Q

Post industrial (Education)

A 
Education now offered to lower class helping them understand more complex rules.
(Offside in football)

National governing bodies codify sports.

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18
Q

Post industrial (Availability of time)

A

72 hour week now dropped to 40 by factory owners to keep work force happy/healthy.

Extra time to compete.

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19
Q

Post industrial (Availability of money)

A

Upper class have more money increasing opportunity.

Spectatorism brings in more money.

20
Q

Post industrial (Transport)

A

Development of railways increased number of spectators increasing money intake leading to professionalism.

Teams can travel to participate in leagues.

21
Q

20th century (Class)

A

Upper class had more time and money to participate.

Working class would spectate helping the growth of professionalism.

22
Q

20th century (Gender)

A

Crowds were male dominated.

Working class women excluded from professional sport.

23
Q

20th century (Law and order)

A

National governing bodies created written codes of conduct.

Blood sports had disappeared.

24
Q

20th century (Education)

A

Butter Act 1944 and Education Act 1988 states there must be physical development in schools.

25
Q

20th century (Availability of time)

A

Gradual increase in free time improved participation/spectatorism.

26
Q

20th century (Availability of money)

A

Cheap sports appealed to lower class who attended pubs (darts)

27
Q

20th century (Transport)

A

Improvement in transport made sports more accessible to players/spectators.

Allows international competition.

28
Q

Globalisation of sport

A

Sport growing as a worldwide business, as a result of freedom of movement and media coverage.

29
Q

Factors affecting globalisation (freedom of movement and greater exposure of sport)

A

Allows performers to move to different countries.

Club tours improves marketing.

Increases fan base of a club.

30
Q

Factors affecting globalisation (Media coverage)

A

Many types of media now cover sport.

Minority sports now represented by media.

24 hour coverage allows more opportunity to experience sport.

31
Q

21st century (Class)

A

Amateurs and professionals now from more diverse backgrounds
(Tennis)

Social mobility is achieved through sport resulting in a release from poverty
(Wayne Rooney)

32
Q

Gender

A

More female sports presenters encourages more women to take interest.
(Claire Balding)

Women are becoming interested in health and fitness activities.
(Gym)

33
Q

21st century (Law and order)

A

Laws created to control misuse of drugs, misconduct, match fixing to promote fair play.

Laws to prevent discrimination based on race and gender.

34
Q

21st century (Education)

A

Increased opportunities to study sport at university.
(Sports therapy)

Exams in PE and Sport increases opportunity (BTEC)

35
Q

21st century (Availability of money)

A

Cheap air fares increases spectatorism.

Global recession means people have less disposable income.

36
Q

Political exploitation of olympics (Berlin 1936)

A

Nazi’s used games to show off power of the party.

German athletes trained full time to promote power of country.

Used to get across ideology of superior airyen race.

37
Q

Political exploitation of olympics (Mexico City 1968)

A

Used to represent black power in America.

Raised right hand shows black power.

Wore black socks with no shoes to represent poverty.

38
Q

Political exploitation of the olympics (Moscow 1980)

A

Participants boycotted to stand up for freedom.

Soviet forces refused to withdraw from Afghanistan.

British teams boycotted.

39
Q

Political exploitation of the olympics (Los Angeles 1984)

A

Soviet Union blamed the commercialisation of games.

Accused the United States of using games for political purposes.

14 nations refused to attend.

40
Q

Background of olympics

A

Based on Ancient Olympic Games.

Aimed to promote fair play/unity.

Established by de Coubertin.

41
Q

Aims of olympics

A

Develop physical and moral qualities.

Bring together athletes from around the world.

Spread Olympic principles around world.

42
Q

Sporting impacts of hosting global sporting events

A

✔️Increases participation in sport.
✔️Improved sporting facilities.
✖️Less popular sports suffer with lack of funding.
✖️Sport deviance is more likely to be highlighted.

43
Q

Social impacts on hosting global sporting events

A

✔️More money brought to city improving public services.
✔️Improved transport systems.
✖️Some areas of host country do not benefit.
✖️Local inhabitants may have to vacate.

44
Q

Economic impacts of hosting global sporting events

A

✔️Jobs created through building of facilities and transport.
✔️Increase in tourism.
✖️Bidding to host can be very expensive.
✖️Event can cost more than it raises in revenue.

45
Q

Political impacts of hosting global sporting events

A

✔️Political parties can gain credit through hosting.
✔️Helps bring unity to a country.
✖️Something could go wrong - terrorist.
✖️Negative environment impacts can be politically damaging.

AS H155/2 (3 decks)

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