Sport and nutrition topic

Question 1

What is an atrium?

Answer 1

A part in the top section of the heart that receives the blood from the veins.

Question 2

What is a ventricle?

Answer 2

A part in the bottom of the heart that pumps blood into the arteries.

Question 3

What are the main structures that deliver blood to the body?

Answer 3

Capillaries, arteries and veins. Arteries have the higher pressure and thick walls, capillaries have one cell thick and area of diffusion and veins bring blood back to heart.

Question 4

How are alveoli adapted to improve gas exchange?

Answer 4

Alveoli are adapted to effectively transfer gas by having a large surface area, walls one cell thick making the diffusion distance shorter and that there are a lot of capillaries next to the alveoli.

Question 5

Where does air go to reach the site of diffusion in the lungs?

Answer 5

First air goes through the trachea(windpipe), then one of the two bronchus, bronchioles and then the alveoli, which is where the diffusion in the lungs happen.

Question 6

What is doping?

Answer 6

When an athlete takes performance enhancing drugs to perform better physically.

Question 7

What is respiration?

Answer 7

Respiration is a chemical reaction to break down glucose using oxygen to release energy.
There are two types of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic.
aerobic respiration happens in mitochondria.
anaerobic respirations happens in cytoplasm.

Question 8

Word equation for aerobic and anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 8

aerobic respiration: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide and water (and release of energy but shouldn’t be mentioned) It is the same for plants.

anaerobic respiration: glucose -> lactic acid

Question 9

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

Answer 9

anaerobic respiration: glucose -> carbon dioxide + ethanol

Question 10

In the heart what is the difference between the left and right side?

Answer 10

When looking at a diagram of a heart, remember to invert left and right as it is the patient’s left and patient’s right.
The left side carries and receives oxygenated blood which is pumped to the body and because the blood needs to travel more, more muscles.
The right side carries and receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs.

Question 11

What makes the sound of a heartbeat?

Answer 11

Valves closing.

Question 12

What are the different types of valves?

Answer 12

There are atrioventricular and semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are in veins and allow blood to go into the atrium, then the ventricle and then the arteries.
Atrioventricular valves let blood flow from atria to ventricles.

Question 13

What is the biggest vein and artery in the body?

Answer 13

The biggest vein and artery in the body are the Aorta artery which carries oxygenated blood and the vena cava (vein) which carries deoxygenated blood.

Question 14

General rules with arteries and vein

Answer 14

Arteries go away from the heart and veins go in the heart. With the exception of the pulmonary artery and vein, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Question 15

What is fitness?

Answer 15

Fitness is how fast your body can break up lactic acid and how long you can exercise.

Question 16

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 16

Oxygen debt is when in the muscles that are exercising lactic acid builds up and to remove lactic acid, oxygen is needed.

Question 17

What is EPO?

Answer 17

Erythropoietin - a drug that makes athletes endure longer.

Question 18

What is diffusion?

Answer 18

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is a passive process.

Question 19

What is the coronary heart disease?

Answer 19

The coronary heat disease is when the arteries gets narrowed because of fat and causes blood clots leading to less respiration in cells.

Question 20

Main diseases caused by smoking?

Answer 20

Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis and increases chance of coronary heart disease.

Question 21

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 21

A balanced diet is a diet that contains differing kinds of foods in certain quantities and proportions so that the requirement for calories, proteins, minerals, vitamins and alternative nutrients is adequate.

Question 22

What are Carbohydrates and examples?

Answer 22

Carbohydrates provides energy for the body to be broken down in respiration. Examples of this food is fruit, pasta and bread.

Question 23

What are fats and examples?

Answer 23

Fats are a long term energy store that provides thermal insulation, helps protect internal organs, is a component of the cell membranes and some hormones e.g. testosterone. Examples are fast food, pizza and meat.

Question 24

What are proteins and what are they used for?

Answer 24

Proteins are used for the growth and repair of the body. Examples of this food are meat, fish, eggs and some dairy.

Question 25

What are vitamins and examples?

Answer 25

Vitamins: vitamin A forms a pigment needed for the body helping us to see in low light. Also protects the surface of the eye. E.g., liver and eggs.
Vitamin C is needed for healthy joints, gums and immune system. E.g., citrus and other fruits.
Vitamin D is needed to increase the absorption of calcium which is needed for strong teeth and bones.

Question 26

What are minerals?

Answer 26

Minerals: calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth.

Iron is needed to make haemoglobin which is a pigment in red blood cells.

Question 27

What is fibre and an example?

Answer 27

Fibre provides substances for our gut muscles to push against when moving food through the gut. An example is cereals

Question 28

What is water?

Answer 28

Water is needed to keep cells in the body hydrated and is found in fruits and vegetables and some drinks.