Spontaneity: Entropy And Free Energy Flashcards
Entropy
Disorder of a system
Enthalpy
Heat content (exothermic reactions are favored)
The greater the disorder the large the
Entropy
When a pure solid or liquid dissolves in a solvent there is an increase in _______ with an exception to _______
Entropy
Carbonates
When gas molecules escape from a solvent there is an increase in
Entropy
Entropy increases with an increase of molecular complexity due to
An increase in moving electrons
A spontaneous reaction occurs when delta S universe is
Positive
A reaction is non spontaneous when delta S universe is
Negative
Delta G^o rxn =
delta G^o (products) - delta G^o (reactants)
Delta G =
Given delta h and delta s
Delta H - (T)(delta S)
Delta G =
Given the reaction quotient
Delta G^o + RT ln(Q)
delta G^o =
Given K value
-RTlnK
The definition of delta G^o is
Free energy at standard conditions
Delta G^o =
Given number of moles
-nFE^o
Faradays constant
96,485 Coulombs/mole e-
F
E^o
Standard voltage
One volt =
Joule/coulomb
Delta S universe =
Delta S system + Delta S surroundings
Delta S^o surroundings =
q surroundings/T
Or
Delta H^o surroundings/T
delta H system =
-(delta H surroundings)
A negative delta G indicates a reaction is
Spontaneous
What ultimately decides whether a reaction is spontaneous or not is
Gibbs free energy
Delta S^o rxn =
Delta S^o (products) - delta S^o (reactants)
The second law of thermodynamics
The universe is constantly increasing disorder
The third law of thermodynamics
The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0K is zero
