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Animals > Sponges and Radiate animals > Flashcards

Sponges and Radiate animals Flashcards

1
Q

Level of organization

A

Cellular

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2
Q

Spongeshave what type of symmetry?

A

Asymmetrical

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3
Q

What are the four main classes of Porifera

A

Homoscleromorpha, Calcarea, Demsponglae, Hexactinlidia

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4
Q

Porifera special feature?

A

they have Spicules

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5
Q

What are the three body forms

A

Asconoid, Syconoid, Leuconoid

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6
Q

What is the most simple body form

A

Asconoid’s

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7
Q

Choanocytes is what

A

collar cells

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8
Q

Asconoid’s have flagellated…

A

Spongocoels

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9
Q

Has spongocoel NOT lined with choanocytes

A

Syconoids

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10
Q

Syconoids have flagellated…

A

Canals

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11
Q

Has no spongocoel

A

Leuconoids

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12
Q

The most complex body form and have flagellated..

A

Leuconoids

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13
Q

Organized in gelatinous extracellular matrix:

A

Mesohyl

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14
Q

What type of cell
ovoid cells that line canal systems and chambers
exposed end, a collar forming a filtering device
flagellar motion pulls water through filter

A

Choanocytes

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15
Q

Archeocytes are involved in what?

A

Nutrition

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16
Q

True epithelium is found where

A

cell layer boardering a free space, cell junctions, sits on a basement membrane of extracellular matrix.

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17
Q
  • What coordinates contraction of bands of myocytes around opens- lack nervous system
  • protective and contractile (myocytes)
A

Pinacocytes:

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18
Q

Sponges non-selectively consume food particles sized between …

A

0.1 μm and 50 μm

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19
Q

The smallest particles are taken into choanocytes by whereas Protein molecules may be taken in by

A

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

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20
Q

Can intracellular or Intercellular cells digest food

A

Intracellular

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21
Q

The process of being able to regenerate individuals from fragments

A

Somatic embryogenesis

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22
Q

Are Archaeacytes totipotent

A

Yes

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23
Q

Most sponges are Monoecious, what does this mean

A

both make and female cells

24
Q

Most sponges are viviparous , what is that process

A

development of embryo within the parent —- makes a ciliated larva
(parenchyma is the most common type)

25
Q

What degree symmetry do radiate animals have?

A

360

26
Q

Phylum Cnidaria (nettle like) are

A

Diploblastic with epidermis (ectoderm) and gastrodermis (gut) (endoderm).

27
Q

What is the specialized stinging organelle in Cnidaria called

A

the nematocyst

28
Q

What are the four main classes in the Phylum Cnidaria

A

Anthozoa, Scphozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa

29
Q

Phylum Cnidaria have what symmetry

A

Radial or biradial – but lack bilateral equalization

30
Q

What has the two body types of medusa or polyps

A

Phylum Cnidaria

31
Q

lack mesoderm AKA

A

Diploblastic

32
Q 
Which phylum has the following:
Lack a coelom 
Incomplete gut:  gastrovascular cavity- blind ended gut, mouth acts as both
Tentacles 
Nerve net- 
Sense organs:
No excretory or respiratory system
A

Phylum Cnidaria

33
Q

Medusa is what

A

Jellyfish

34
Q 
Bell or umbrella‑shaped
Usually free-swimming
Mouth directed downward 
Tetramerous symetry
Statocysts and ocelli present
	Scyphomedusa: no velum
	Hydromedusa: has velum
A

Medusa

35
Q

Polyp (Hydroid) has what characteristics

A
  • Tubular body
  • Aboral end attached to substratum by pedal disc
  • Reproduce asexually by budding, fission, or pedal laceration
  • Hydrozoa- bud formation, forms tentacles, can remain attached if so forms a colony, if detach then form a separate individual
36
Q

For a mutualistic Hydrozoan colony what is being exchanged? (Eg, crabs)

A

Mutualistic hydrozoan colony on hermit crab shell, crab gains protection and camo
Hydrozoa gains colony, mobility and food scraps

37
Q

‘naked’ polyps without mouth

A

Dactylozooid polyps

38
Q

reproductive ‘naked’ polyps

A

Gonozooid (gonangium) polyps

39
Q

What is a Free swimming polymorphic colonial forms

A

Physalia physalis

40
Q

feeding polyps with mouth and tentacles for prey capture

A

Gastrozooid (hydranths) polyps

41
Q

What has
Nematocyte (stinging organelle)
abundant on tentacles
discharge stimulated by chemical and/or physical contact. One shot and then recycled.

A

Cnidae

42
Q

Discharged cnidae can specialize for 4 things what are they

A
  1. wrapping around small objects*
  2. sticking to surfaces*
    (*spirocysts/ptychocysts)
  3. penetrating surfaces
  4. secreting toxins
    (nematocysts)
43
Q

Are typically carnivores

A

Cnidae

44
Q

Corals supplement their nutrition with carbohydrates collected from what

A

algal symbionts

45
Q

Can Cnidae reproduced sexually, Asexually or both

A

Both

46
Q

The nervous system processes synapse or junction with

A
  1. (neuro)sensory cells
  2. epitheliomuscular cells
  3. nutritive-muscular cells
  4. Nematocytes
47
Q

Sensory is contained within what structure?

A

rhopalium - “sense organ” (in scyphoid medusa)

48
Q

What controls balance?

A

Statocysts

49
Q

Ocelli do what?

A

light receptors

50
Q

Impacts on jellyfish and corals

A

Predation, humans, coral bleaching, global warming and Ocean acidification

51
Q

Which statement(s) about BOTH poriferans and cnidarians is (are) correct?

A

Both belong to monophyletic groups.

52
Q

The series Asconoid-Syconoid-Leuconoid in sponges represents a

A

increasing size and complexity of body forms.

53
Q

Nematocysts are

A

Formed and used only by Cnidaria although a few other organisms may “steal” them

54
Q

Cnidarian dimorphism refers to

A

medusa and polyp body types.

55
Q

Colonial polyps share nutritional resources between individual polyps

A

via a continuous gastrovascular cavity.

Animals (9 decks)

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