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Animals > Annelida > Flashcards

Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Phylum Annelida contain

A

Segmented worms living in marine, freshwater, and moist terrestrial habitats

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2
Q

How many species are there in Phylum Annelida

A

15, 000

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3
Q

The body divided into a serial succession of repeated units

A

Segmentation/Metamerism

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4
Q

What are the five significances of Segmentation/Metamerism?

A
  • independently evolved -greater complexity in structure and function
  • Burrowing efficiency
  • Fine control –nervous system
  • Redundancy –safety
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5
Q

external circular grooves delimiting body segments

A

Annuli

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6
Q

What is Septa (partition)

A

internal delimitation of body segments

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7
Q

Function of the Head

A

Sensory and feeding

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the head and where are they found

A

Prostomium: anterior most region of the body, anterior to the mouth

Peristomium: pre-segmental region of the body surrounding the mouth.

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9
Q

What does the nervous system in Annelida contain?

A

double ventral nerve cord and a pair of ganglia with lateral nerves in each segment;
brain a pair of dorsal cerebral ganglion with connections to ventral nerve cord

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10
Q

What system has tactile organs, taste buds, statocysts (in some), photoreceptor cells, and eyes with lenses (in some)

A

Sensory

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11
Q

What is coelom filled with fluid (except for leeches)

A

The Hydrostatic skeleton

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12
Q

The Hydrostatic skeleton does what?

A
  • Fluid volume constant
  • Contraction of longitudinal muscles shorten and expand the body
  • Contraction of circular muscles narrow and lengthen the body
  • Alternate waves of contraction, or peristalsis, allow efficient burrowing
  • Swimming annelids use undulatory movements
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13
Q

Do Oligochaetes & Polychaetes have an open or closed circulatory system

A

closed

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14
Q

dorsal vessels carry blood

A

Anteriorly

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15
Q

ventral vessels carry blood

A

Posteriorly

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16
Q

What has:
dorsal vessel is contractile
Aortic arches maintain steady pressure in ventral vessel

A

The heart

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17
Q

excretory organs of the adult annelid

A

Metanephridia

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18
Q

Which section of excretion is highly vascularized with a capillary network

A

Metanephridia

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19
Q
  • ciliated funnel that draws in coelomic fluid
  • opens into segment anterior
    to metanephridium
A

nephrostome

20
Q

nephridiopore functions

A

terminal end of metanephridium
- opens to the outside,
eliminated waste
- in some forms, nephridiopores are enteronephric

21
Q

tolerate a wide range of salinity,

A

Euryhaline

22
Q

What class is:
Largest class of annelids - 10,000 species,
mostly marine and usually benthic
some live in crevices, others inhabit tubes, or are pelagic

A

Class Polychaeta

23
Q

What was only discovered in 1977. 2 km depth.
Tube worms
Extremophile environment

A

Deep sea hydrothermal vents

24
Q

Prostomium

A

retractile or not

Often bears eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps

25
Q

Peristomium

A

surrounds mouth and may have setae, palps, or chitinous jaws

26
Q

Ciliary feeders may bear a ____ that opens like a fan but can be withdrawn into the tube

A

tentacular crown

27
Q

2 morphotypes of Polychaeta, what are they

A

Sedentary-mainly tube-living

Errant- may be free-moving, burrowing, or crawling

28
Q

What clade has Earthworms & Leeches

Freshwaters, or terrestrial soils

A

Clade Clitellata

29
Q

Form reproductive structure called a

A

clitellum

30
Q

What clade has NO parapodia

Hermaphroditic (monoecious) - with direct development

A

Clade Clitellata

31
Q

Class Oligochaete occur where?

A 
Over 3000 species 
Occur in habitats from soil to freshwater
Few are marine or parasitic
Nearly all bear setae
Fewer in number than in polychaetes
32
Q

Earthworms - sometimes called

A

“night crawlers”

33
Q

with pores for mucus secretion

A

Cuticle

34
Q

epithelial cells + mucous, sensory and photoreceptor cells

A

Epidermis

35
Q

circular muscles

A

metamere elongation

36
Q

paired chitinous “bristles” to increase traction typically ventro- and dorsolateral

A

setae

37
Q

Oligochaeta Locomotion

Mechanism:

A

waves of peristaltic contraction

38
Q

waves of peristaltic contraction is when

A

Contractions of circular muscles in the anterior end lengthen the body, pushing the anterior end forward where it anchors
Anchoring is accomplished by contraction of the longitudinal muscles in forward segments

39
Q

What class is Most freshwater, few marine or live in moist terrestrial environments
More common in the tropics
Vary in color: black, brown, red, and olive green
Most are flattened (dorsoventrally)

A

Class Hirudinida: Leeches

40
Q

What type of feeding do Hirudinida have

A

most carnivores feeding on small invertebrates

others - temporary or permanent parasites

41
Q

What usually has a fixed number of segments and why?

A

Leeches because they Appear to have more due to superficial annuli

42
Q

What do Leeches not have

A

NO distinct coelomic compartments
NO septa
Developed suckers for attachment

43
Q

Most leeches are

A
  • predaceous, some parasites,

- Most are fluid feeders that prefer tissue fluids and blood pumped from open wounds

44
Q

have chitinous ‘jaws” and salivary glands

A

Bloodsucker leeches

45
Q

Leech Locomotion is by

A

musculature & suckers, looping

46
Q 
both suckers attached
anterior sucker detachment
contraction of circular muscles
body lengthens
anterior sucker attachment
circular muscles relax
longitudinal muscles contract
Posterior sucker is detached
dorsal longitudinal relax
ventral longitudinal muscles contract
- posterior sucker attaches
A

Leech locomotion

Animals (9 decks)

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