sponges Flashcards

1
Q

how many species of porifera are there

A

10 000 sp

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2
Q

where do porifera usually live

A

tropical reef flats to deepsea floor and rockpools

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3
Q

what type of symmetry to porifera have

A

no body symmetry

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4
Q

what sizes are porifera

A

mm to m

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5
Q

how old are porifera

A

640 mya (million years ago)

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6
Q

how quick to porifera filter water

A

1cm³ sponge filters 20l/day

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7
Q

what are the major classes of porifera

A

demospongiae, homoscleromorpha, calcarea, and hexactinellidae

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8
Q

what is the porifera’s body surface like

A

is a monolayer of flat cells called pinacoderm, with many small pores called ostia throughout

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9
Q

what is the atrium of the porifera like

A

is the centre of the sponge, is lined by single layer of cells called choanoderm

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10
Q

what is the osculum in a porifera

A

is where the water exits, and is often elevated to create pressure differential to draw flow out of atrium

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11
Q

what is aquiforous circulatory system in a porifera

A

is the resultant unidirectional water flow

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12
Q

what is the aquiforous circulatory system flow important for

A

feeding, gas exchange, expulsion of waste products, and reproduction

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13
Q

what are the 3 major body types in porifera

A

asconoid, synconoid, lueconoid

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14
Q

what are the 3 body types in porifera defined by

A

the structure of the body wall, which then determines max size

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15
Q

what are the 2 types of tissue in porifera

A

epithelioid and mesophyll

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16
Q

what makes up the external epithelium in porifera

A

pinacocytes (squamous non-flagellated cells) and porocytes (edge incurrent pores act as ‘values’)

17
Q

what does the external epithelium do in porifera

A

contracts to change diameter and can regulate flow

18
Q

what does the mesophyl do in porifera

A

is an internal compartment of body that moves cells through a poteinaceous gel-like matrix

19
Q

what type of cells pass through the mesophyl in porifera

A

secretory cells

20
Q

what is produced by secretory cells in porifera

A

skeletal support elements that include lophocytes (collagen fibres), spongocytes (polymerised collagen = spongein), sclerocytes (secrete spicules)

21
Q

what is the skeletal support in porifera made up of

A

an exoskeleton of spicules and /or spongin fibres. the spicules are diverse in form and diagnostic

22
Q

what makes up the cellular body walls in porifera

A

mesophyll, that moves archaeocytes

23
Q

what are archaeocytes in porifera

A

are totipotent cells that differentiate into other cells to help with healing, digestion/transport and become oocytes

24
Q

what is the inner epithelium of porifera made out of

A

choanoderm

25
what are choanocytes in porifera
flagellated cells with apical collar of 'sticky' microvilli
26
what are choanocytes and archaeocytes mostly responsible for in porifera
for capture of food and nutrition
27
what do archaeocytes specifically do in digestion in porifera
remove large particles of food, digest and store, and clear inorganic particulate
28
what do choanocytes specifically do in digestion in porifera
traps small bacteria, both ingest and transfer particles or retain mesophyll as symbiont
29
what type of porifera live in shallow well lit habitats
those that have a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria
30
what is fragmentation in porifera
a type of asexual reproduction where small bits regrow
31
what is budding in porifera
a type of asexual reproduction where projections from the outer wall happen, in some species is shows as stalked buds
32
what is gemmule formation in porifera
'survival capsules' formed in autumn, is cluster of archaeocytes surrounded by spongin 'shell', 'hatches' in spring
33
how do porifera sexually reproduce
by broadcasting sperm through osculum, triggered by temp in the water
34
what does porifera sperm develop into
choanocytes which are then dispersed via excurrent channels
35
how do other porifera capture these sperm
by 'inhaling' them by aquiferous circulation and phagocytosed (NOT DIGESTED) by choanocytes
36
wat can porifera larvae develop into
ciliated hollow blastule or solid ciliated mass (creepsoles)