sponges Flashcards
how many species of porifera are there
10 000 sp
where do porifera usually live
tropical reef flats to deepsea floor and rockpools
what type of symmetry to porifera have
no body symmetry
what sizes are porifera
mm to m
how old are porifera
640 mya (million years ago)
how quick to porifera filter water
1cm³ sponge filters 20l/day
what are the major classes of porifera
demospongiae, homoscleromorpha, calcarea, and hexactinellidae
what is the porifera’s body surface like
is a monolayer of flat cells called pinacoderm, with many small pores called ostia throughout
what is the atrium of the porifera like
is the centre of the sponge, is lined by single layer of cells called choanoderm
what is the osculum in a porifera
is where the water exits, and is often elevated to create pressure differential to draw flow out of atrium
what is aquiforous circulatory system in a porifera
is the resultant unidirectional water flow
what is the aquiforous circulatory system flow important for
feeding, gas exchange, expulsion of waste products, and reproduction
what are the 3 major body types in porifera
asconoid, synconoid, lueconoid
what are the 3 body types in porifera defined by
the structure of the body wall, which then determines max size
what are the 2 types of tissue in porifera
epithelioid and mesophyll
what makes up the external epithelium in porifera
pinacocytes (squamous non-flagellated cells) and porocytes (edge incurrent pores act as ‘values’)
what does the external epithelium do in porifera
contracts to change diameter and can regulate flow
what does the mesophyl do in porifera
is an internal compartment of body that moves cells through a poteinaceous gel-like matrix
what type of cells pass through the mesophyl in porifera
secretory cells
what is produced by secretory cells in porifera
skeletal support elements that include lophocytes (collagen fibres), spongocytes (polymerised collagen = spongein), sclerocytes (secrete spicules)
what is the skeletal support in porifera made up of
an exoskeleton of spicules and /or spongin fibres. the spicules are diverse in form and diagnostic
what makes up the cellular body walls in porifera
mesophyll, that moves archaeocytes
what are archaeocytes in porifera
are totipotent cells that differentiate into other cells to help with healing, digestion/transport and become oocytes
what is the inner epithelium of porifera made out of
choanoderm
what are choanocytes in porifera
flagellated cells with apical collar of ‘sticky’ microvilli
what are choanocytes and archaeocytes mostly responsible for in porifera
for capture of food and nutrition
what do archaeocytes specifically do in digestion in porifera
remove large particles of food, digest and store, and clear inorganic particulate
what do choanocytes specifically do in digestion in porifera
traps small bacteria, both ingest and transfer particles or retain mesophyll as symbiont
what type of porifera live in shallow well lit habitats
those that have a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria
what is fragmentation in porifera
a type of asexual reproduction where small bits regrow
what is budding in porifera
a type of asexual reproduction where projections from the outer wall happen, in some species is shows as stalked buds
what is gemmule formation in porifera
‘survival capsules’ formed in autumn, is cluster of archaeocytes surrounded by spongin ‘shell’, ‘hatches’ in spring
how do porifera sexually reproduce
by broadcasting sperm through osculum, triggered by temp in the water
what does porifera sperm develop into
choanocytes which are then dispersed via excurrent channels
how do other porifera capture these sperm
by ‘inhaling’ them by aquiferous circulation and phagocytosed (NOT DIGESTED) by choanocytes
wat can porifera larvae develop into
ciliated hollow blastule or solid ciliated mass (creepsoles)
