insects Flashcards
what is an insect
an arthropod
how many body parts does an insect have
3
how many legs does an insect have
6
what type of eyes does an insect have
compound
how many pairs of antenna does an insect have
1
how many pairs of wings do most insects have
2
how old are insects
the oldest group is 440myo
what are the closest relatives to insects
crustaceans
what is the total number of described species
2 131 499
what is the total number of animal species
1 566 314
what is the total number of described insect species
1 053 578
how many hexapod orders are there
31
how many insect orders are there
28
what are some examples of non-insect hexapods
protura (coneheads), collembola (springtails), and diplura (2 pronged bristletails)
where do non insect hexapods live
in soil and leaf litter
what are non insect hexapods mouthparts contained in
gnathal pouch
how many apterygota orders are there
2
what are the 2 apterygota orders called
archaeognatha (bristletails), and zygentoma (silverfish)
what are some features of apterygota
ancestrally wingless, are 6-30mm in size, and have indirect fertilisation
how many paleopteran orders are there
2
what does paleoptera mean
wings held upright or outstretched at rest
what does neoptera mean
wings held flat over body at restwh
at are some examples of paleopteran insects
mayflies, dragonflies and damselflies
how many hemmatabola orders are there
13
how do hemimatabola grow in size
they just get bigger, no change in morphology at different stages
how many holometabola orders are there
11
how do holometabola grow in size
metamopheses
what are some examples of hemimatobolous insects
homiptera (bugs), orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, locusts), blattodea (cockroaches and termites), and phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects)
what are some examples of holometabolous insects
coleoptera (beetles), lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), doptera (flies), and hymenoptera (wasps, bees, and ants)
what are the 3 segmented parts of an insect called
head, thorax, and abdomen
what are the layers of the exoskeleton in insects
procuticle (includes epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, formation zone), epidermis, and basement layer
is there tagmosis of segments in insects
ye
what does tagmosis mean
division of an arthropod into tagmata (morphologically distinct region)
how many segments is the head made up of and what are they called
7, and are labial, maxillary, mandibular, intercalary, antennal, ocular, and labral
do insects have ocelli and what are they
yes, typically 3, and are light detecting organs on the top of the head in insects
how many basic parts do insects have in their mouthparts and what are they called
5, and are called labrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, maxillae, labrium
how many segments of the thorax in insects are there and what are thy called in order
3, prothorax, and the pterothorax made up of mesothorax and metathorax
how many components do insects have in there leg and what are they
6, are coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus
what are the wings like in insects
are thin cuticular membranes supported by scelerotized veins. can have a pair of wings transformed into halters in flies, and hardened into elytra
what type of nervous system do insects have
a paired central nerve cord with segmented ganglia, with a brain
what is circulation type in insects
open circulatory system with haemolymph
what are the 3 main parts to digestion in insect
foregut, midgut, and hindgut
which parts have circular lining in insects
foregut and hindgut
what does the foregut do in insects
ingestion, storage, grinding of food
what does the midgut do in insects
digestive enzymes, and food absorbtion
what does the hindgut do in insects
absorption of water salts etc, and waste removal. has the malphigian tubes
what stages in insects are homologous
nymph and larval stages
what stage is modified into pupae in insects
final larval stage
what stage of holometaboly is homologous to the embryonic stage in hemimetaboly
the larval stage
what are all nymphal stages considered in insects
pupal stages
are insects diecious or hemaphorditic
mostly diecious apart form 1 tribe of scale insects
how is sex determined in insects
genetically determined
what type of genetic system is most common in insects
XY systems, although ZW systems are used in some species
