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organismal diversity 1 > insects > Flashcards

insects Flashcards

1
Q

what is an insect

A

an arthropod

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2
Q

how many body parts does an insect have

A

3

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3
Q

how many legs does an insect have

A

6

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4
Q

what type of eyes does an insect have

A

compound

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5
Q

how many pairs of antenna does an insect have

A

1

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6
Q

how many pairs of wings do most insects have

A

2

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7
Q

how old are insects

A

the oldest group is 440myo

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8
Q

what are the closest relatives to insects

A

crustaceans

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9
Q

what is the total number of described species

A

2 131 499

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10
Q

what is the total number of animal species

A

1 566 314

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11
Q

what is the total number of described insect species

A

1 053 578

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12
Q

how many hexapod orders are there

A

31

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13
Q

how many insect orders are there

A

28

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14
Q

what are some examples of non-insect hexapods

A

protura (coneheads), collembola (springtails), and diplura (2 pronged bristletails)

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15
Q

where do non insect hexapods live

A

in soil and leaf litter

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16
Q

what are non insect hexapods mouthparts contained in

A

gnathal pouch

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17
Q

how many apterygota orders are there

A

2

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18
Q

what are the 2 apterygota orders called

A

archaeognatha (bristletails), and zygentoma (silverfish)

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19
Q

what are some features of apterygota

A

ancestrally wingless, are 6-30mm in size, and have indirect fertilisation

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20
Q

how many paleopteran orders are there

A

2

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21
Q

what does paleoptera mean

A

wings held upright or outstretched at rest

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22
Q

what does neoptera mean

A

wings held flat over body at restwh

23
Q

at are some examples of paleopteran insects

A

mayflies, dragonflies and damselflies

24
Q

how many hemmatabola orders are there

A

13

25
Q

how do hemimatabola grow in size

A

they just get bigger, no change in morphology at different stages

26
Q

how many holometabola orders are there

A

11

27
Q

how do holometabola grow in size

A

metamopheses

28
Q

what are some examples of hemimatobolous insects

A

homiptera (bugs), orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, locusts), blattodea (cockroaches and termites), and phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects)

29
Q

what are some examples of holometabolous insects

A

coleoptera (beetles), lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), doptera (flies), and hymenoptera (wasps, bees, and ants)

30
Q

what are the 3 segmented parts of an insect called

A

head, thorax, and abdomen

31
Q

what are the layers of the exoskeleton in insects

A

procuticle (includes epicuticle, exocuticle, endocuticle, formation zone), epidermis, and basement layer

32
Q

is there tagmosis of segments in insects

A

ye

33
Q

what does tagmosis mean

A

division of an arthropod into tagmata (morphologically distinct region)

34
Q

how many segments is the head made up of and what are they called

A

7, and are labial, maxillary, mandibular, intercalary, antennal, ocular, and labral

35
Q

do insects have ocelli and what are they

A

yes, typically 3, and are light detecting organs on the top of the head in insects

35
Q

how many basic parts do insects have in their mouthparts and what are they called

A

5, and are called labrum, hypopharynx, mandibles, maxillae, labrium

36
Q

how many segments of the thorax in insects are there and what are thy called in order

A

3, prothorax, and the pterothorax made up of mesothorax and metathorax

37
Q

how many components do insects have in there leg and what are they

A

6, are coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus and pretarsus

38
Q

what are the wings like in insects

A

are thin cuticular membranes supported by scelerotized veins. can have a pair of wings transformed into halters in flies, and hardened into elytra

39
Q

what type of nervous system do insects have

A

a paired central nerve cord with segmented ganglia, with a brain

40
Q

what is circulation type in insects

A

open circulatory system with haemolymph

41
Q

what are the 3 main parts to digestion in insect

A

foregut, midgut, and hindgut

42
Q

which parts have circular lining in insects

A

foregut and hindgut

43
Q

what does the foregut do in insects

A

ingestion, storage, grinding of food

44
Q

what does the midgut do in insects

A

digestive enzymes, and food absorbtion

45
Q

what does the hindgut do in insects

A

absorption of water salts etc, and waste removal. has the malphigian tubes

46
Q

what stages in insects are homologous

A

nymph and larval stages

47
Q

what stage is modified into pupae in insects

A

final larval stage

48
Q

what stage of holometaboly is homologous to the embryonic stage in hemimetaboly

A

the larval stage

49
Q

what are all nymphal stages considered in insects

A

pupal stages

50
Q

are insects diecious or hemaphorditic

A

mostly diecious apart form 1 tribe of scale insects

51
Q

how is sex determined in insects

A

genetically determined

52
Q

what type of genetic system is most common in insects

A

XY systems, although ZW systems are used in some species

organismal diversity 1 (7 decks)

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