annelids Flashcards

1
Q

do annelids have coelums

A

yes

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2
Q

what is a coelum in annelids

A

a fluid filled body cavity that allows space for expansion and development of visceral organ systems

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2
Q

where are annelids found

A

in a huge variety of habitats, including the extremes. eg glacial worms

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2
Q

what are the feeding modes of annelids

A

suspension feeder, herbivory, carnivory

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3
Q

how many differentiated areas do annelids have

A

3 areas: the prostomium (head), segmented trunk (has chaetae), and pygidium (posterior end - anus)

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4
Q

where do segmented structures originate from in annelids

A

from the growth area above pygidium (during development or juvenile only)

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5
Q

what does segmentation allow annelids to do

A

allows diversification of possible forms, and allows greater flexibility and movement

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6
Q

what is the external cuticle made up of and what does this allow

A

collagen that is never shed, allows structural toughening and is protective. however this affects permeability

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7
Q

what does chaetae do in annelids

A

creates traction and other aspects of locomotion under muscular control

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8
Q

what does the external cuticle cover in annelids

A

monolayer of glandular epidermis that secretes material that forms a protective tube

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9
Q

what is under the glandular epidermis in annelids

A

connective tissue and 2 layers of muscle

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10
Q

what is the 2 layers of muscle under the galndular epidermis called and what are they

A

circular muscle that is a continuous sheath and longitudinal muscle that is present in many species as 4 distinct bands

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11
Q

what is included in an annelids nervous system

A

a “brain” cerebral ganglion, a ventral nerve cord connected to brain by cricopharyngeal connectives.

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12
Q

where are the primary unicellular receptors in annelids and what do they sense

A

on head, palps and antennae, and they sense light and chemo-mechano

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13
Q

what are nuchal organs in annelids

A

ciliated eversible chemosensory structures that are characterised by polychaetes

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14
Q

what type of circulatory system do annelids have and what does it do

A

a closed circulatory system that transports oxygen and nutrients through the body

15
Q

what is the respiratory pigment in annelids

A

haemoglobin that is pumped through vessels to the muscular heart(s)

16
Q

what is the annelids digestive system like

A

a straight tube from mouth to anus, integrating the separate body

17
Q

what are the feeding modes of annelids

A

direct deposit feeder, indirect deposit feeder, filter feeder, herbivores, carnivores, blood feeders

18
Q

how to leaches feed

A

blade like jaws for cutting skin, salivary glands secrete anticoagulants.

19
Q

what forms of asexual reproduction does annelids show

A

fragmentation, budding, fission and clonal reproduction

20
Q

what is epitoky in annelids

A

specialised pattern of transverse fission budding in posterior region, leading to production of pelagic reproductive form from benthic feeding form

21
Q

are epitoky genetically identicle

A

yes, but morphologically distinct

22
Q

how do marine annelids sexually reproduce

A

many marine annelids have 2 sexes and exhibit external fertilisation via mass spawning,

23
how to terrestrial annelids sexually reproduce
internal fertilisation, most are hemaphorditic. clitellates have reproductive structure around female gonopores. eggs produced
24
what type of symmetry do annelids have
are bilaterally symmetrical