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sonography > spleen > Flashcards

spleen Flashcards

1
Q

Normal measurements of the spleen

A

12 cm long, 7 cm wide, 3-4 cm thick

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2
Q

Spleen that has migrated from its normal position in the left upper quadrant

A

Wandering spleen

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3
Q

Small rounded mass found near hilum or inferior border of spleen in up to 30% of patients. May be confused with lymph nodes

A

Accessory spleen

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4
Q

Function of spleen

A

Production of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and antibodies. Storage of iron and other metabolites

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5
Q

Enters at splenic hilum; branches into six smaller arteries . Subject to infarction. Travels along superior border of pancreas

A

Splenic artery

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6
Q

Formed by multiple branches in spleen. Leaves hilum in horizontal direction to join superior mesenteric vein. Travels along posterior border on pancreas

A

Splenic vein

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7
Q

Main function of spleen

A

Filter peripheral blood

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8
Q

Spleen active in

A

Hematopoiesis

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9
Q

Proper patient position to evaluate spleen

A

Right lateral decubitus

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10
Q

Chronic disease of unknown cause that involves all bone marrow elements

A

Polycythemia vera

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11
Q

Results in massive splenomegaly

A

Myelofibrosis

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12
Q

Spleen lies in

A

Left hypochondrium

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13
Q

Spleen is a

A

Peritoneal organ

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14
Q

Tetrahedral or triangular part of spleen

A

Orange segment

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15
Q

Covers spleen with peritoneum

A

Protective capsule

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16
Q

Portion of splenic capsule firmly adhered to fused dorsal mesentery, anterior to upper pole of the left kidney

A

Bare area

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17
Q

Attaches spleen to stomach and kidney

A

Splenorenal ligament

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18
Q

Separate lesser sac posteriorly from greater sac

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

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19
Q

Returns unoxygenated blood from bowel to form main portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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20
Q

Emerge from splenic hilum, pass through outer lymph nodes along course of splenic artery

A

Lymph vessels

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21
Q

Largest lymphoid organ

A

Spleen

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22
Q

Accompany splenic artery and are derived from splenic plexus

A

Nerves

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23
Q

Diaphragm, left pleura, left lung, and ribs

A

Are above and behind the spleen

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24
Q

Fundus of stomach, lesser sac and panc tail are

A

Medial and anterior to splenic hilum

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25
Q

Left kidney and adrenal gland are

A

Inferior and medial to spleen

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26
Q

A mass in luq may displace spleen

A

Inferiorly

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27
Q

May be secondary to a subclavian abscess, splenic cyst, or Lt pleural effusion

A

Caudal displacement

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28
Q

May result from volume loss in Lt lung, Lt lobe pneumonia, paralysis of Lt hemidiaphragm, or large intrabdominal mass

A

Cephalic displacement

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29
Q

Absent spleen, rare, reversed position of AO and IVC

A

Asplenia or splenic aegenisis

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30
Q

Multiple spleens, absent GB, cardiac defects

A

Polysplenia

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31
Q

Anomalous placement or transportation of viscera or parts

A

Visceral heterotaxy

32
Q

normal arrangment of asymmetric body parts

A

situs solitus

33
Q

mirror image of situs solitus

A

situs inversus

34
Q

disruption on the development of normal asymetric arrangement of abd organs and vessels

A

situs ambiguous

35
Q

patients with asplenia may have _________ which means, two orphologic right lungs, midline location of the liver, reversed position of the AO and IVC, anomalous pulmonary venous return, and horshoe kidney

A

bilateral right sidedness

36
Q

Patients with polyspenia have __________ which means two left lungs, left-sided azygos continuation of an interupted IVC, biliary atresia, absect GB, GI malrotation,and cardiovascular abnormalities

A

bilateral left sidedness

37
Q

not essential to life, filters forgien materials from blood, forms antibodies

A

spleen

38
Q

have elastic properties that allow the spleen to distend when filled with blood

A

venous sinuses

39
Q

Spleen also functions as a

A

blood reservoir

40
Q

within the lobules of the speen are tissues called

A

pulp

41
Q

contains large numbers of lymphocytes, and helps protect the body from infection

A

white pulp

42
Q

contains large numbers of red blood cells

A

red pulp

43
Q

occurs throughout the entire reticuloendothelial system, but half of the catabolic activiy is localized to spleen

A

Phagocytosis of erythrocytes; breakdown of hemoglobin

44
Q

the major portion of hemoglobin breakdown occurs in the spleen

A

splenomegaly

45
Q

In anomalies such as the hemolytic anemias, the splenic phagocytes become engorged with _________ when erythrocyte destruction is accelerated

A

hemosiderin

46
Q

process of removing nuclei from RBCs

A

pitting

47
Q

process by which the spleen removes abnormal RBCs

A

culling

48
Q

Indicates the percentage of RBCs per volume of blood. Abnormally low readings indicate hemorrhage or internal bleeding

A

hematocrit

49
Q

indicates the presence of bacteria withing the body

A

bacteremia

50
Q

indicates bacteria in the bloodstream

A

sepsis

51
Q

increase in number of white blood cells

A

leukocytosis

52
Q

decrease in white blood cells

A

leukopenia

53
Q

decrease in platlets

A

thrombocytopenia

54
Q

splenic parechyma should have fine uniform homogenous mid-to-low level echo pattern, as seen within the liver

A

normal texture

55
Q

spleen has two components joined at the hilum

A

superomedial and inferomedial

56
Q

diagnosed when spleen measures more than 13 cm

A

splenomegaly

57
Q

Nonvizualization of the spleen may occur in:

A

atrophy
wasting diseases
chronich hemolytic anemias
autosplenectomy

58
Q

What to look for sonographically in spleen:

A

contour
homogeniety
parenchyma
vascular patterns

59
Q

The medial segment of the spleen may cross the midline and mimic a _________ inferior to the left lobe of the liver

A

mass

60
Q

active hyperemia is a reaction in the moderately enlarged spleen

A

acute congestion

61
Q

diffuse enlargement, may be of systemic origin cause by intrahepatic obs to portal veinous drainage or by obstructive venous disorders in the portal or splenic veins.

A

Chronic venous congestion

62
Q

a disease that occurs when substances called amyloid proteins build up in the organs

A

amyloidosis

63
Q

types of involvment seen in amyloidosis

A

nodular and difuse

64
Q

sonographic findings of gaucher disease

A

splenomegaly
multiple nodules (irregulare, hyperechoic, or mixed)
diffuse inhomogeniety

65
Q

Spleen enlarged with significant congestion of the red pulp in early stages of

A

sickle cell anemia

66
Q

what are sonographic findings of sickle cell anemia

A

acute sickle cell crisis

subacute hemorrhage that appears as hypo echoic area in periphery of the spleen

67
Q

Lifespan of the RBCs is short because they are destroyed by the spleen in large numbers. Two catagories are alpha-thalassmemia and beta-thalassemia

A

Thalassemia

68
Q

Includes cases of acute hyperplasia

A

granulocytopoietic abnormalites

69
Q

uncommon, may be the result of sepsis due to endocarditis or dental infection

A

splenic abscess

70
Q

almost always the result of emboli that arise from the heart (valves from lt side of heart)

A

splenic infarction

71
Q

sonographic findings of splenic infarction

A

fresh hemorrhage
healed infarction
localized hypoechoic area

72
Q

spleen most commonly injured as result of

A

blunt abdominal trauma

73
Q

if the patient has severe LUQ pain secondary to trauma ________________ or _____________ should be considered

A

splenic hematoma

subscapular hematoma

74
Q

If the ______________, the outcome may be intraparenchymal or sub scapular hematoma

A

capsule is intact

75
Q

it the _________________, a focal or free intraperitoneal hematoma may form

A

capsule ruptures

76
Q

focal hematomas may have

A

intrasplenic fluid collections

77
Q

is seen in patients with subscapular hematomas

A

perisplenic fluid

sonography (3 decks)

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