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sonography > introduction to sonography > Flashcards

introduction to sonography Flashcards

1
Q

Change in direction of propagation of a Soundwave transmitted across an interface where the speed of sound varies

A

Refraction

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2
Q

Sound transmitted and received intermittently with one transducer

A

Pulse wave

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3
Q

An easy and effective way to measure heart rate

A

Pulse

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4
Q

Amount of time the piezoelectric element vibrates after electrical stimulation

A

Pulse duration

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5
Q

Ability to compensate for attenuation of the transmitted beam as the sound wave travels through tissue in the body

A

Time gain compensation

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6
Q

Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood

A

Oximetry

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7
Q

Speed of ultrasound wave; determined by tissue density

A

Velocity

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8
Q

Change in frequency of reflected wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducers beam

A

Doppler shift

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9
Q

Refers to observable and measurable signs of life

A

Vital signs

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10
Q

Special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electrical impulses into sound waves

A

Crystal

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11
Q

Minimum distance between two objects located side by side at which they can be displayed as seperate objects

A

Lateral resolution

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12
Q

One transducer continuously transmits sound, and one continously receives sound; used in high velocity flow patterns

A

Continuous wave doppler

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13
Q

Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

A

Nasal cannula

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14
Q

The product of the velocity of sound in a medium and the density of that medium

A

Acoustic impedance

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15
Q

Unit of frequency; equal to one cycle per second

A

Hertz

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16
Q

Normal pattern of vessel flow; flow in center of vessel is faster than at edges

A

Laminar flow

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17
Q

Shortness of breath or feeling of not getting enough air

A

Dyspnea

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18
Q

Study of generating, propagating, and receiving soundwaves

A

Acoustics

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19
Q

Unit used to measure intensity. Amplitude, and power of an ultrasound wave

A

Decibel

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20
Q

Device that converts energy from one form to another

A

Transducer

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21
Q

Has large diameter with multiple rings of focus

A

Annular array

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22
Q

Rate at which images are updated on the display; dependent on transducer frequency and depth selection

A

Frame rate

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23
Q

Analysis of entire frequency spectrum

A

Spectral analysis

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24
Q

1000 hz

A

Kilohertz

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25
Q

Limit when technical artifacts that occur when the frequency change is so great that it exceeds sampling view

A

Aliasing

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26
Q

Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason

A

Apnea

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27
Q

Exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, but diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg

A

Isolated systolic hypertension

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28
Q

Ability of the system to accurately depict motion

A

Temporal resolution

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29
Q

Activates a limited group of adjacent elements to generate each Pulse

A

Linear array

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30
Q

Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and goodwill of the American public

A

Patient focused care

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31
Q

Reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium

A

Attenuation

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32
Q

Process of inhaling and exhaling air

A

Respiration

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33
Q

Surface forming the boundary between media having different properties

A

Interface

34
Q

Contact with or bites from an insect or animal are a type of

A

Contact transmission

35
Q

The angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam is the

A

Doppler angle

36
Q

Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall

A

Ostomy

37
Q

Practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein

A

Intravenous therapy

38
Q

The higher number is the ___________ pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood

A

Systolic

39
Q

Supplies electrical signals to the transducer for producing a sound beam

A

Crystal

40
Q

Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risks of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne, droplet, and contect

A

Standard precautions

41
Q

Refers to the minimum distance between two structures positioned along the axis of the beam where both structures can be visualized as separate objects

A

Axial resolution

42
Q

National standard created to protect individuals medical records and other personal health information

A

Hippa

43
Q

Displays time and movement, especially in cardiac structures

A

M-mode

44
Q

Imaging provides a dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected areas of the body

A

Real-time

45
Q

Refers to the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue stress on the joints or muscles

A

Body mechanics

46
Q

B-mode scanning technique that permits the brightness of the B-mode dots to be displayed in various shades of gray to represent different echo amplitudes

A

Gray scale

47
Q

Hospital acquired infection

A

Nosocomial infection

48
Q

1,000,000 Hz

A

Megahertz

49
Q

Amount of change in the returning frequency compared with the transmitting frequency when the sound wave hits a moving target such as blood in an artery

A

Frequency shift

50
Q

Ability of the transducer to distinguish between two structures adjacent to one another

A

Resolution

51
Q

Determines the strength of the pulse transmitted into the body

A

Power output

52
Q

Sample site from which the signal is obtained with pulsed doppler

A

Gate

53
Q

Most common arrhythmias

A

Bradycardia tachycardia

54
Q

Ultrasound defined as frequencies between

A

1-20 Mhz

55
Q

Three qualities of a good sonographer

A
  1. Intellectual curiosity
  2. Quick, analytical mind
  3. Technical aptitude
56
Q

Sound is result of mechanical energy that produces alternating ________ and _______ of conducting medium as it travels as a wave

A

Compression

Rarefaction

57
Q

A transducer converts _____ energy into _______ energy

A

Mechanical

Electrical

58
Q

The time required to produce each cycle depends on the __________ of the transducer

A

Frequency

59
Q

Normal transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at

A

1540 m/s

60
Q

Lateral resolution is determined by

A

The width of the soundbeam

61
Q

If the gain is set too ______, artifactual echo noise will be displayed throughout the image

A

High

62
Q

When the nyquist limit is exceeded, an artifact called ________ occurs

A

Aliasing

63
Q

What muscles should lifting be done with?

A

Leg

64
Q

Airborne diseases

A

Tuberculosis
Measles
Chicken pox
Shingles

65
Q

Droplet diseases

A 
Mumps
Pneumonia
Strep
Whooping cough
Meningitis
Measles
66
Q

Name one of the most serious contact diseases

A

Mrsa

67
Q

When transferring patients with ivs you should never

A

Lower the iv bag below the level of needle insertion

68
Q

Reflector path less than 60 degrees

A

Doppler angle

69
Q

Change in frequency

A

Doppler shift

70
Q

Normal amount of oxygen in the blood

A

90%

71
Q

How many bpm is normal adult respiratory rate

A

15-20

72
Q

How many bpm is normal adult pulse rate

A

60- 80

73
Q

An iv container should always be _________ centimetres above the level of the patients vein

A

18-20

74
Q

If the reflector is moving toward the transducer, the frequency of the echo will be ________ than the transmitted frequency

A

Higher

75
Q

The higher the transducer frequency, the

A

Shorter the wavelength

76
Q

Difference between transmitted and received frequency is called

A

Doppler frequency shift

77
Q

If the Doppler angle of the beam to the reflector exceeds 60 degrees,

A

Velocities will no longer be accurate

78
Q

_____ occurs when the pulse encounters an interface between tissues with different acoustic impedances

A

Reflection

79
Q

Basic mode for all real time imaging

A

B-mode

80
Q

Uses one transducer

A

Pulsed wave transducer

sonography (3 decks)

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