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Spleen Flashcards

0
Q

What lies anterior to the spleen?

A

stomach

tail of panc

left kidney

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1
Q

Is the spleen retroperitoneal cavity or the Intraperitoneal cavity?

A

Intraperitoneal

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2
Q

What ligaments hold the spleen in place?

A

lienorenal

gastrosplenic

phrenicocolic ligaments

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3
Q

What are the congenital conditions of the spleen?

A

asplenia

accessory spleen (MOST COMMON)

agenesis

polysplenia (syndrome)

wandering spleen

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4
Q

what is asplenia

A

no spleen

rare

poor prognosis

abnormal organ location

horseshoe kidneys

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5
Q

what is accessory spleen?

A

a little tiny piece of spleen at the hilum of the spleen

results from failure of fusion of separate splenic masses

usually small

normal variant

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6
Q

What is important in visualizing and accessory spleen?

A

it must have the same echotexture

typically round or oval - solid

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7
Q

What is polyspenia?

A

syndrome

multiple small spleens in the abd cavity with absence of the normally located spleen

associated with GI, cardiovascular and biliary abnormality

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8
Q

What is a wandering spleen?

A

splenic torsion…observed as ectopic

migration to LUQ

embryologic anomaly

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9
Q

What system is the spleen apart of?

A

reticuloendothelial system - blood

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10
Q

What is involved in pigment and lipid metabolism?

A

the spleen

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11
Q

What are some functions of the spleen?

A

removes foreign material from the blood

production of antibodies

reservoir for blood

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12
Q

What is the problem if your hematocrit is elevated?

A

dehydration

shock

infection

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13
Q

What is the problem if the hematocrit is low?

A

hemorrhage

anemia

leukemia

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14
Q

What are the labs for the spleen?

A

hematocrit

bacteriemia

leukocytosis

leukopenia

thrombocytopenia ( decrease in platelets)

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15
Q

the spleen is ________the primary site of disease

A

rarely

affected by systemic disease process

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16
Q

what is the typical size of the spleen?

A

length 9-12 cm

width 4-6cm (depends on shape)

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17
Q

What are some indications for spleen ultrasound?

A

palpable

LUQ pain

infectious diseases

Abn lab tests

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18
Q

What is the most common splenic disease?

A

splenomegaly

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19
Q

What causes splenomegaly?

A

long axis >13 cm

congestive splenomegaly:

heart failure

portal hypertension

cirrhosis

cystic fibrosis

portal/splenic vein thrombosis

crisis of sickle cell disease

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20
Q

with portal hypertension, what will the hilum of the spleen look like?

A

dilated vessels in the hilum and branching of the vessels

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21
Q

what does splenomegaly displace?

A

lt kidney

stomach

kidney

diaphram

22
Q

how are splenic cysts classified?

A

parasitic

nonparasitic

23
Q

what kinds of abscess are in the spleen?

A

parasitic - echinococcus

irregular mass with possible shadowing from gas - complex mass

24
Mononucleosis can __________the size of the spleen
increase
25
how do parasitic cysts appear in the spleen?
anechoic lesions with possible daughter cysts
26
What are the symptoms of abscess?
fever LUQ tenderness abd pain LT shoulder pain big spleen
27
Abscesses are uncommon buy what might breach the system?
subacute bacterial endocarditis septecemia drug abuse
28
What are the storage diseases of the spleen?
amyloidosis - nodular and diffuse Gaucher's Disease - inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance accumulate
29
What are erythropoietic abnormalities?
related to the formation of red blood cells
30
what is hemolytic anemia
condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood
31
What causes a small spleen?
sickle cell anemia - abnormal shaped RBC's
32
What is polycythemia vera?
Large spleen overproduction of RBC's hemorrhage
33
What causes infarction of the spleen?
septic emboli - oxygen supply to the spleen is interrupted, leading to tissue death a triangular shaped wedge will be missing occlusion of the splenic artery
34
What are the benign primary lesions?
hamartomas - splenoma cavernous hemangiomas - most common cystic lymphangiomas
35
what is a malignant primary neoplasm of the spleen?
hemangiosarcoma (rare)
36
How does a splenic artery aneurysm appear on xray?
calcified circle
37
What symptoms do you have if you have trauma to the spleen?
LUQ pain Lt shoulder pain Lt flank pain dizziness finish slide 66
38
what organ is most common for damage in trauma?
spleen
39
What does FAST stand for in the ER?
focused assessment with sonography for trauma
40
What is splenosis?
after trauma or surgery one type of ectopic splenic tissue acquired condition autoimplantation one or more focal deposits of splenic tissue in various compartments fo the body
41
What is chronic anemia?
condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells
42
What is Thalassemia?
body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin
43
What is a harmartoma?
small, solitary, hyperechoic lesion within the spleen
44
what is the malignant primary neoplasm (rare)?
hemangiosarcoma
45
are metastases to the spleen common?
no | the spleen is the tenth most common site
46
What are the possible symptoms if you have trauma to the spleen?
LUQ pain left shoulder pain left flank pain dizziness LUQ tenderness hypotension decreased hemoglobin level
47
What organ is the most common damaged organ in trauma?
spleen subcapsular rupture
48
What is splenosis?
one type of ectopic splenic tissue (the other is accessory spleen) aquired condition autoimplantation of one or more focal deposits of splenic tissue in various compartments of the body
49
When does splenosis cause serious diagnostic problems?
when it is located isolated intrahepatically
50
how does the spleen appear sonographically?
homogeneous - low level echoes two components joined at hilum size: 8-13cm x 7-8cm x 6cm >13 cm = splenomegaly
51
What are you evaluating when you image the spleen transverse?
the hilum
52
What do you want to include when you image the spleen sagittal?
include Lt pleural space superior border inferior border

Abdomen 2 (8 decks)

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