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Abdomen 2 > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

0
Q

What lies anterior to the spleen?

A

stomach

tail of panc

left kidney

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1
Q

Is the spleen retroperitoneal cavity or the Intraperitoneal cavity?

A

Intraperitoneal

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2
Q

What ligaments hold the spleen in place?

A

lienorenal

gastrosplenic

phrenicocolic ligaments

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3
Q

What are the congenital conditions of the spleen?

A

asplenia

accessory spleen (MOST COMMON)

agenesis

polysplenia (syndrome)

wandering spleen

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4
Q

what is asplenia

A

no spleen

rare

poor prognosis

abnormal organ location

horseshoe kidneys

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5
Q

what is accessory spleen?

A

a little tiny piece of spleen at the hilum of the spleen

results from failure of fusion of separate splenic masses

usually small

normal variant

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6
Q

What is important in visualizing and accessory spleen?

A

it must have the same echotexture

typically round or oval - solid

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7
Q

What is polyspenia?

A

syndrome

multiple small spleens in the abd cavity with absence of the normally located spleen

associated with GI, cardiovascular and biliary abnormality

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8
Q

What is a wandering spleen?

A

splenic torsion…observed as ectopic

migration to LUQ

embryologic anomaly

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9
Q

What system is the spleen apart of?

A

reticuloendothelial system - blood

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10
Q

What is involved in pigment and lipid metabolism?

A

the spleen

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11
Q

What are some functions of the spleen?

A

removes foreign material from the blood

production of antibodies

reservoir for blood

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12
Q

What is the problem if your hematocrit is elevated?

A

dehydration

shock

infection

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13
Q

What is the problem if the hematocrit is low?

A

hemorrhage

anemia

leukemia

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14
Q

What are the labs for the spleen?

A

hematocrit

bacteriemia

leukocytosis

leukopenia

thrombocytopenia ( decrease in platelets)

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15
Q

the spleen is ________the primary site of disease

A

rarely

affected by systemic disease process

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16
Q

what is the typical size of the spleen?

A

length 9-12 cm

width 4-6cm (depends on shape)

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17
Q

What are some indications for spleen ultrasound?

A

palpable

LUQ pain

infectious diseases

Abn lab tests

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18
Q

What is the most common splenic disease?

A

splenomegaly

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19
Q

What causes splenomegaly?

A

long axis >13 cm

congestive splenomegaly:

heart failure

portal hypertension

cirrhosis

cystic fibrosis

portal/splenic vein thrombosis

crisis of sickle cell disease

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20
Q

with portal hypertension, what will the hilum of the spleen look like?

A

dilated vessels in the hilum and branching of the vessels

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21
Q

what does splenomegaly displace?

A

lt kidney

stomach

kidney

diaphram

22
Q

how are splenic cysts classified?

A

parasitic

nonparasitic

23
Q

what kinds of abscess are in the spleen?

A

parasitic - echinococcus

irregular mass with possible shadowing from gas - complex mass

24
Q

Mononucleosis can __________the size of the spleen

A

increase

25
Q

how do parasitic cysts appear in the spleen?

A

anechoic lesions with possible daughter cysts

26
Q

What are the symptoms of abscess?

A

fever

LUQ tenderness

abd pain

LT shoulder pain

big spleen

27
Q

Abscesses are uncommon buy what might breach the system?

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

septecemia

drug abuse

28
Q

What are the storage diseases of the spleen?

A

amyloidosis - nodular and diffuse

Gaucher’s Disease - inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance accumulate

29
Q

What are erythropoietic abnormalities?

A

related to the formation of red blood cells

30
Q

what is hemolytic anemia

A

condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood

31
Q

What causes a small spleen?

A

sickle cell anemia - abnormal shaped RBC’s

32
Q

What is polycythemia vera?

A

Large spleen

overproduction of RBC’s

hemorrhage

33
Q

What causes infarction of the spleen?

A

septic emboli - oxygen supply to the spleen is interrupted, leading to tissue death

a triangular shaped wedge will be missing

occlusion of the splenic artery

34
Q

What are the benign primary lesions?

A

hamartomas - splenoma

cavernous hemangiomas - most common

cystic lymphangiomas

35
Q

what is a malignant primary neoplasm of the spleen?

A

hemangiosarcoma (rare)

36
Q

How does a splenic artery aneurysm appear on xray?

A

calcified circle

37
Q

What symptoms do you have if you have trauma to the spleen?

A

LUQ pain

Lt shoulder pain

Lt flank pain

dizziness

finish slide 66

38
Q

what organ is most common for damage in trauma?

A

spleen

39
Q

What does FAST stand for in the ER?

A

focused assessment with sonography for trauma

40
Q

What is splenosis?

A

after trauma or surgery

one type of ectopic splenic tissue

acquired condition

autoimplantation one or more focal deposits of splenic tissue in various compartments fo the body

41
Q

What is chronic anemia?

A

condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells

42
Q

What is Thalassemia?

A

body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin

43
Q

What is a harmartoma?

A

small, solitary, hyperechoic lesion within the spleen

44
Q

what is the malignant primary neoplasm (rare)?

A

hemangiosarcoma

45
Q

are metastases to the spleen common?

A

no

the spleen is the tenth most common site

46
Q

What are the possible symptoms if you have trauma to the spleen?

A

LUQ pain

left shoulder pain

left flank pain

dizziness

LUQ tenderness

hypotension

decreased hemoglobin level

47
Q

What organ is the most common damaged organ in trauma?

A

spleen

subcapsular

rupture

48
Q

What is splenosis?

A

one type of ectopic splenic tissue (the other is accessory spleen)

aquired condition

autoimplantation of one or more focal deposits of splenic tissue in various compartments of the body

49
Q

When does splenosis cause serious diagnostic problems?

A

when it is located isolated intrahepatically

50
Q

how does the spleen appear sonographically?

A

homogeneous - low level echoes

two components joined at hilum

size: 8-13cm x 7-8cm x 6cm

> 13 cm = splenomegaly

51
Q

What are you evaluating when you image the spleen transverse?

A

the hilum

52
Q

What do you want to include when you image the spleen sagittal?

A

include Lt pleural space

superior border

inferior border

Abdomen 2 (8 decks)

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