Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdomen 2 > Pediatric Pathology > Flashcards

Pediatric Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

What is the age of an infant?

A

one month to 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the age of a neonate?

A

birth to one month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the age of a child?

A

two to 12 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the age of an adolescent?

A

12 -16 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common indication for imaging the biliary tree?

A

Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is transient jaundice?

A

it comes and goes during the first few weeks of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some of the common causes of jaundice?

A

choledochal cyst

biliary atresia

hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of obstruction do you have if you have choledochal cyst, biliary atresia, or perforation of ducts?

A

extrahepatic obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If you have hepatitis or metabolic disease what kind of obstruction might you have?

A

intrahepatic obstruction - hepatocellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of choledochal cyst?

A

palpable mass

weight loss
jaundice and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a choledochal cyst?

A

abnormal cystic dilation of the biliary tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of choledochal cyst?

A

fusiform - dilatation of the CBD

Cystic structures communication with the ducts

dilation of the intra nd extra hepatic ducts

CAROLI’S disease with intrahepatic duct dilation

NOT A CYST BUT A DILATION OF DUCTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Out pouching of ducts IN the liver is…

A

Caroli’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is neonatal hepatitis?

A

infection

hepatomegaly

Metabolic, idopathic, via vagina, catherter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does hepatitis look on a neonate?

A

increased in echogenicity

decreased visualization of vessels

(starry night doesn’t work in these cases, already echogenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is biliary atresia?

A

narrowing or underdevelopment of biliary ductal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of biliary atresia?

A

jaundice

acholic (clay like) stools

distended abdomen

absent or small GB

slight decrease in visualization of portal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the sign in histology for biliary atresia?

A

“triangular cord” sign

US sees a echogenic, thick cord anterior to the PV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is polysplenia syndrome?

A

heart defects and situs abnormalities

spleen abnormalities

biliary atresia

KASI OPERATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Kasai operation?

A

anastomosis of liver ducts to intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of Nuc Med scan do you do if you have a jaundice problem?

A

Hepatic Scintigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is hemangioendothelioma?

A

most common benign vascular tumor in childhood

hepatomegaly

regresses by 12-18 months

multiple hypoechoic lesions/ heterogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a hepatoblastoma?

A

**most common* primary malignancy of the liver in children

associated with BECKWITH-WIDEMANN (organs are too big)

single, solid, large

necrosis, hemorrhage, calcification

palpable mass

fever, weight loss

23
Q

What parasite looks like folded ribbon inside and anechoic structure

A

hydatid echinococcosis (water lily sign)

see slide 29 for a picture

24
Q

How do the kidneys appear on peds?

A

medullary pyramids are large and hypoechoic

cortex: thin

arcuate arteries: base of medullary pyramids, may appear echogenic

fetal lobulation - incomplete fusion

25
Q

What is PUV?

A

Posterior Urethral Valve syndrome

** most common** cause of urethral obstruction in BOYS

26
Q

What is the medical name for the keyhole bladder sign?

A

PUV

27
Q

Is PUV congenital or aquired?

A

congenital

surgical fix

causes hydronephrosis

28
Q

WHAT IS A URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION (UPJ) obstruction?

A

intrinsic narrowing or extrinsic vascular compression

pelvocalyceal dilation without ureteral dilation

29
Q

What disease is described as big, bright and bilateral?

A

ARPKD (autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease)

30
Q

What causes renal vein thrombosis?

A

severe dehydration or septic infant

hematuria, proteinuria and low platelet

enlarged kidney - because the vein is not bringing back the blood to be filtered

31
Q

What is a nephroblastoma

A

Wilm’s Tumor

most common malignant RENAL tumor in children

unilateral

large, solid, echogenic mass with calcifications

32
Q

What hemorrhages with birth trauma?

A

adrenal hemorrhage

as you f/u it should decrease in size

see slide43 for pic

33
Q

What is HPS?

A

hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

congenital obstruction of pylorus due to hypertrophy of muscles

34
Q

Who is most likely to get HPS?

A

Male FIRST BORN infant

2-10 weeks

35
Q

Where do you find HPS?

A

pyloric canal - stomach to duodenum

36
Q

Which disease is described by the Olive sign?

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS)

37
Q

How do you surgically fix HPS?

A

Pyloromyotomy

38
Q

What are the symptoms of HPS?

A

bile free vomiting in an otherwise healthy infant

dehydration and weight loss

39
Q

How do you image HPS?

A

supine and RLD

high frequency linear array 5 or 7 MHz

40
Q

What are the measurements for HPS?

A

channel length >14-17 mm (must be < 17mm)

muscle thickness long axis 4mm

diameter 15mm

no peristalsis thru pylorus

*all measurements are at the top threshold

41
Q

How do you scan for appendicitis?

A

Pelvic survey - localize pain

right flank with a linear transducer

graded compression (lack of compressibility)

RLQ pain and vomiting

42
Q

The outer diameter for appendicitis cannot be greater than _____

A

6mm

slide 63

43
Q

What is intussusception?

A

most common ACUTE abdominal disorder in early childhood

6 months -2 years

bowels prolapse into distal bowel

cause obstruction

higher incidence in males

44
Q

Which pathology do you use a barium enema to determine?

A

intussusception

45
Q

What is the sign for intussusecption?

A

Target or donut sign (transverse)

pseudokidney or sandwich sign (long)

46
Q

What are the symptoms for intussusception?

A

colicky abdominal pain

vomiting

bloody stools

abdominal distention

palpable mass

bloody stools

vomiting

colicky abdominal pain

47
Q

What transducer do you use for intussuseception?

A

linear array using graded compression

48
Q

What is midgut malrotation/volvulus?

A

failure of rotation of bowel

Upper GI - imaging of choice

changes the position of the SMA and SMV* (reversed)

49
Q

For what pathology do you need a Ladd operation?

A

Midgut malrotation/volvulus

50
Q

What are the congenital uterine anomalies?

A

slide 73 for pictures

hypoplasia/agenesis

unicornuate

didelphus

bicornuate

septate

arcuate

DES drug related

51
Q

What is the pediatric cause of HTN?

A

nephroblastoma (aka Wilm’s tumor)

51
Q

If you find a nephroblastoma what other structures do you evaluate?

A

renal vein

IVC

52
Q

describe an Unicornuate uterus

A

one Müllerian duct so only half uterus is formed

rare

53
Q

describe uterus didelphys

A

complete failure of the fusion of the ducts

widely separate endometrial cavities

54
Q

describe bicornuate uterus

A

most common uterine anomaly

two horns

indentation at the fundus

55
Q

describe a septate uterus

A

endometrial cavities separated by a thin membrane

associated with miscarriages

treated: hysteroscopic resection
* no indentation at fundus otherwise looks like bicornuate)

Abdomen 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions