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Abdomen > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What type of organ is the spleen and where is it located?

A

Lymphoid, intraperitoneal organ located in the left hypochondrium

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2
Q

What is the size of the spleen in length, AP, & TRV?

A

Length: 13cm, AP: 7 cm, TRV: 4cm

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3
Q

What is the shape of the spleen comparable to?

A

Half moon

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4
Q

Lateral to tail of pancreas, splenic flexure of colon, left kidney, left adrenal gland, & Posterior to stomach, anterior to left hemidiaphragm is the location of ?

A

Spleen

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5
Q

What is the normal size of the spleen in SAG?

A

8-13 cm

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6
Q

What are the two major splenic ligaments?

A

Gastrosplenic & splenorenal (lienorenal)

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7
Q

Which ligament attaches the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Gastrosplenic

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8
Q

Which ligament attaches the spleen to the left kidney?

A

Splenorenal

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9
Q

What are the other ligaments that help support the spleen? (5)

A

Phrenicosplenic, splenocolic, pancreaticosplenic, phrenicocolic, and pancreaticocolic ligaments

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10
Q

How is the spleen supplied with blood?

A

Splenic artery

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11
Q

How is the blood drained from the spleen?

A

Splenic vein

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12
Q

What are the two types of tissue in the spleen?

A

Red and white pulp tissue

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13
Q

culling, pitting function, erythropoiesis, platelet blood cell reservoir, and defense against diseases are the functions of?

A

The spleen

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14
Q

What are the lab values of the spleen? (5)

A

Hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and CBC count

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15
Q

What does the red pulp consist of?

A

Branching venous sinuses

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16
Q

What does the red pulp contain? (3)

A

Lymphocytes, macrophages, & RBC

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17
Q

which pulp macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria, that may be carried in the blood as it flows through the sinuses?

A

Red pulp

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18
Q

What is white pulp?

A

Round masses that are scattered through red pulp

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19
Q

What does white pulp surround?

A

Arteriole

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20
Q

which pulp is Composed of malpighian corpuscles, contains Lymphatic follicles—responsible for production of antibodies?

A

White pulp

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21
Q

What are the main functions of the spleen? (5)

A

Filters blood,
plays a part in immune system,
blood reservoir,
forms red blood cells,
& produces plasma cells

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22
Q

Which two lab values are most important regarding the spleen?

A

Hematocrit and bacteremia

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23
Q

Which lab value indicates the percentage of RBCs per volume of blood?

A

Hematocrit

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24
Q

Which lab value indicates an abnormal decrease in platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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25
Q

Which lab value indicates an abnormal increase in RBC mass?

A

Polycythemia

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26
Q

Which lab value indicates the presence of bacteria within the body?

A

Bacteremia

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27
Q

Which lab value indicates an increase in WBCs typically found in infection?

A

Leukocytosis

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28
Q

Which lab value indicates an abnormal decrease in white blood corpuscles?

A

Leukopenia

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29
Q

What are the five congenital/anomaly variants of the spleen?

A

Asplenia,
polysplenia,
accessory spleen (splenunculi),
splenic clefts, and
ectopic spleen

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30
Q

Which congenital variant is the absence of the spleen from birth?

A

Asplenia

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31
Q

Which congenital variant is more common and may be found in up to 30% of patients?

A

Accessory spleen

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32
Q

Which congenital variant consists of multiple smaller spleens?

A

Polysplenia

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33
Q

multiple spleens, intestine malrotations, IVC anomalies, biliary atresia, visceral heterotaxia, short pancreas, and cardiac defects are the anomalies for what variant?

A

Polysplenia

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34
Q

which congenital variant migrates from the normal LUQ position to other abdomen or pelvic location?

A

Ectopic/ wandering

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35
Q

uniform homogeneous echo texture, medium level echoes, isoechoic or slightly hyperechoic to liver, highly echogenic left hemidiaphragm, smooth contour, and splenic vessel in hilum is the normal US appearance of?

A

Spleen

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36
Q

What are the pitfalls of splenic imaging? (3)

A

-LLL can mimic splenic abscess or subcapsular hematoma,
-spleen can be mistaken for renal mass, -adrenal & pancreatic tumor mimic splenic mass

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37
Q

In splenomegaly, the spleen measures greater than?

A

13cm

38
Q

What are the causes of splenomegaly? (5)

A

Storage diseases,
autoimmune diseases,
trauma,
dialysis,
and sarcoidosis

39
Q

What are the general infections of the spleen? (6)

A

Mononucleosis,
Tuberculosis,
Histoplasmosis,
Schistosomiasis,
Sarcoidosis,
& Candidiasis

40
Q

what demonstrates multiple hypoechoic lesion with central echogenic ring (wheel-in-wheel sign & target pattern)? ❗️

A

Splenic candidiasis

41
Q

What are the four major non-traumatic causes of focal splenic defects?

A

Infarction, abscess, cyst, and tumor

42
Q

What is splenic infarct?

A

The occlusion of splenic artery segment

43
Q

Where does the emboli originate in splenic infarct?

A

Heart

44
Q

hypoechoic, wedge shaped oriented toward periphery lesion is the US appearance of?

A

Acute infarct

45
Q

the lesion will become more echogenic with age of infarct is the US appearance of?

A

Chronic infarct

46
Q

What is the US appearance of early infarct?

A

Hypoechoic or isoechoic to spleen

47
Q

What is the US appearance of late infarct?

A

Hyperechoic or hypoechoic

48
Q

High-grade fever, leukocytosis, LUQ pain & tenderness, vomiting, referred pain to the chest or shoulder are the symptoms of? ❗️

A

Splenic abscess

49
Q

Irregular shaggy borders, Solid, Cystic, Complex, Dirty shadowing, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - hematoma, degenerating neoplasm are the US appearance for? ❗️

A

Splenic abscess

50
Q

What are the two types of splenic cysts?

A

True and secondary

51
Q

Which cyst is due to epidermoid, dermoid, and polycystic disease?

A

True

52
Q

Which cyst is due to pseudocysts, hemorrhagic, and abscess?

A

Secondary

53
Q

which cyst has a solitary/ unilocular US appearance?

A

True

54
Q

which cyst has a variable appearance related to cause?

A

Secondary

55
Q

What symptoms might a patient present with in a case of splenic trauma?

A

Hypovolemic shock and LUQ pain

56
Q

automobile accident, sports injury, gunshot and stab wounds, and physical abuse are the causes of?

A

Splenic trauma

57
Q

in splenic trauma bleeding can occur in what 2 places?

A

Within spleen and through capsule

58
Q

subcapsular or intraparenchymal hematoma that is hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, or complex, as related to age is the US appearance of? ❗️

A

Intracapsular splenic trauma

59
Q

blood in intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity, paracolic gutters, Morrison’s Pouch, posterior cul de sac is the US appearance of? ❗️

A

Rupture of capsule splenic trauma

60
Q

What is the most dangerous development of splenic trauma?

A

Hypovolemic shock

61
Q

Healed granulomas, Splenic artery calcification, Splenic aneurysm calcifications, Splenic infarcts, Old hematomas, & cysts with calcified walls are the causes of? ❗️

A

Splenic calficiation

62
Q

What is the most common benign vascular neoplasm of the spleen and affect 20-50 year old men?

A

Hemangiomas

63
Q

What is a rare, lymphoid tissue, solitary or multiple?

A

Hamartoma

64
Q

What is a lymphatic malformation with a US appearance similar to hemangioma?

A

Cavernous lymphangioma

65
Q

When do complications arise in the case of a cavernous lymphangioma?

A

When the tumor increases in size

66
Q

infarction with coagulated blood or fibrin in the cavities may be seen but is unspecific is called a? ❗️

A

cavernous hemangioma

67
Q

What are the two malignant splenic neoplasms?

A

Angiosarcoma and lymphoma

68
Q

What is a rare, large malignant tumor of the spleen with a similar appearance to a hemangioma?

A

Angiosarcoma

69
Q

associated with Hodgkin’s and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma, US appearance includes hypoechoic or hyperechoic lesions within spleen, splenomegaly may or may not be present would be what?

A

Lymphoma

70
Q

splenic leukemia is a primary malignancy of the (3)?

A

Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen

71
Q

What would you diagnose if the patient presents with fever, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and increased WBC?

A

Splenic leukemia

72
Q

The most common malignant disease to affect spleen including, Hodgkin, and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is called?

A

Splenic lymphoma

73
Q

hypoechoic, hyperechoic, bull’s eye, target sign with hypoechoic halo is the US appearance of?

A

Metastases (splenic neoplasm)

74
Q

What are the three retroperitoneal compartments?

A

Anterior pararenal, perirenal or perinephric, and posterior pararenal

75
Q

Which retroperitoneal compartment is located anterior to Gerota’s fascia?

A

Anterior pararenal

76
Q

Which compartment contains pancreas, distal cbd, second third and fourth duodenum, and portion of ascending and descending colon?

A

Anterior pararenal

77
Q

Which retroperitoneal compartment is enclosed by Gerota’s fascia?

A

Perirenal or perinephric

78
Q

which compartment contains kidney, perinephric fat, adrenal glands, and aorta ivc?

A

Perirenal or perinephric

79
Q

Which retroperitoneal compartment lies posterior to Gerota’s fascia?

A

Posterior pararenal space

80
Q

Which retroperitoneal compartment contains no organs and only fat?

A

Posterior pararenal space

81
Q

Kidneys,Adrenalglands,Ureters,Duodenum,Ascending Colon, Descending Colon,Pancreas,Great Vessels,Nerves are the structures of? ❗️

A

Retroperitoneum

82
Q

A Chronic inflammatory process that results in fibrous tissue proliferation affecting and encasing aorta, IVC, ureters causing hydronephrosis and affects middle aged men is called? ❗️

A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

83
Q

A hypoechoic smoothly marginated clump or layer in para-aortic region is the US appearance of? ❗️

A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

84
Q

What are common fluid collections in the retroperitoneum? (4)

A

Abscesses, hematomas, urinomas, lymphoceles

85
Q

which fluid collection is pus collection?

A

Abscesses

86
Q

which fluid collection is blood collection?

A

Hematoma

87
Q

which fluid collection is urine collection?

A

Urinomas

88
Q

which fluid collection is a lymph fluid collection?

A

Lymphoceles

89
Q

What are the fluid collections in the retroperitoneum? (5)

A

Lymphocele, urinoma, lymphangioma, primary retroperitoneal cysts, and retroperitoneal hemorrhage

90
Q

what are liposarcoma, leiomjjyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma to the retroperitoneum?

A

Malignant masses

91
Q

what are lipoma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma, myxoma, and fibroma to the retroperitoneum?

A

Benign tumors

92
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes, Present as multiple hypoechoic masses on ultrasound, May displace surrounding structures (called the Mantle Effect is the US appearance of?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Abdomen (7 decks)

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