Pancreas Flashcards by Jazzmyne Medina

the pancreas is what type or organ within where?

Retroperitoneal within anterior para renal space

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the pancreas located?

Posterior to the lesser sac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the AP dimension for the pancreas head?

3.5 cm or less

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the AP dimension for the pancreas neck?

1-2.5 cm or less

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the AP dimension for the pancreas body?

2.5 cm or less

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the AP dimension for the pancreas tail?

2-2.5 cm or less

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The uncinate process is part of what area of the pancreas?

Head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do acini cells do?

Secrete digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the pancreas is located medial to the C-loop of duodenum, anterior to the IVC, and inferior to the caudate liver lobe?

Head of Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the pancreas is directly anterior to SMV or portalsplenic confluence?

Pancreas neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the pancreas is located posterior to portions of the stomach, duodenum, and left liver lobe?

Body of pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the pancreas is anterior and medial to left kidney, posterior to stomach, medial to spleen?

Pancreas tail

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The main pancreatic duct is also known as?

Duct of wirsung

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What two arteries supply the pancreas?

Splenic & pancreaticoduodenal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the enzymes of exocrine?

Acinar, lipase, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, and amylase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which enzyme secretes digestive enzymes?

Acinar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which enzyme breaks down fat?

Lipase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which enzymes are preproteolytic enzymes that break down proteins to amino acids?

Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsinogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which enzyme breaks down complex carbohydrates?

Amylase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How much fluid per day can the pancreas secrete?

1500 mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is exocrine?

Secretes enzymes into a duct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is endocrine?

Hormones secrete into blood/tissues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do the cells of the islets of Langerhans do?

Alpha cells secrete glucagon, Beta cells secrete insulin, Delta cells secrete somatostatin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In amylase, elevated levels are associated with?

Pancreatic diseases, biliary, bowel obstruction, and peptic ulcer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In amylase, decreased levels are associated with?

Permanent damage of the pancreas, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis

Which lab value indicates acute pancreatitis when 2x the normal level?

Amylase

Which lab value has elevated lipase that may indicate acute pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma?

Lipase

Which lab value has total serum bilirubin values increased when pancreatic head obstructs the CBD?

Bilirubin and liver

Which lab value may indicate glucose metabolic disorder?

Elevated or decreased glucose

What is an annular pancreas?

Congenital anomaly

What are possible indications for an ultrasound of the pancreas?

Epigastric pain, Abdominal pain, Abdominal distension, Jaundice

What does patient prep involve for a pancreas ultrasound exam?

NPO 8-12 HOURS PRIOR TO EXAM

What are the most common causes of acute pancreatitis?

EDEMATOUS FORM (MOST COMMON), NECROTIZING FORM

What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?

A collection of fluid that resulted from an inflammatory process

What is a phlegmon?

An inflammatory process that spreads along fascial pathways

Why is a case of hemorrhagic pancreatitis so dangerous?

Fast of acute pancreatitis with rupture of pancreatic vessels resulting in hemorrhage

What disorder is an inherited disorder of the exocrine glands causing viscous secretion and dysfunction of the pancreas exocrine function?

Cystic fibrosis

This is the ultrasound appearance of : Pancreas appears hyperechoic, and decreased size of pancreas

Cystic fibrosis

What is a pancreatic cyst caused by?

Ductal obstruction

This is the ultrasound appearance of : Homogeneous, mid gray to medium gray echoes, equal to or more echogenic than liver, becomes more echogenic with age, and has a smooth contour

Normal pancreas

What should you do if you cannot visualize the pancreas?

Identify where you know the anatomy is and write down why you couldn’t scan it

What can the posterior wall of the stomach appear to be?

Duct of wirsung

How much water should a patient drink through a straw?

32 ml – 300 ml

Pancreatic cysts may be associated with cysts in which other organs?

Kidney & liver

These are the complications of : Pseudocyst formation, phlegmon, abscess, hemorrhage, and duodenal obstruction

Acute pancreatitis

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Biliary tract disease & excessive alcohol intake

These are the signs and symptoms of : Constant epigastric and back pain, weight loss, steatorrhea, and diabetes mellitus

Chronic pancreatitis

These are the signs and symptoms of : Severe epigastric pain which radiates to back, nausea and vomiting, malaise, abdominal distention, fever, jaundice, and history of gallstones and alcohol abuse

Acute pancreatitis

These are the signs and symptoms of: Weight loss, chronic abdominal pain, back pain, painless jaundice, palpable abdominal mass, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and malaise

Pancreatic carcinoma

This is the ultrasound appearance of: Most common in pancreatic head, hypoechoic mass, poorly defined, usually greater than 2cm, Courvoisier sign, liver mets, and ascites

Pancreatic carcinoma

What are the risk factors for pancreatic carcinoma?

More than 90% of all malignant pancreatic tumors, Blacks more than whites, Males more than females, Diet high in fat; low in fruits & vegetables, Increase with smoking, Chronic pancreatitis, Age; more common after 60 years, 4th most common cause of cancer-related mortality after lung, breast, and colon cancers

What is Courvoisier sign and what is it associated with?

Where a patient presents with painless jaundice and a palpable, enlarged gallbladder, typically associated with a malignant obstruction of the bile duct, most commonly caused by pancreatic cancer.

Describe the different types of acini cell tumors.

Adenocarcinoma – pancreatic carcinoma, Serous cystadenoma, Mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma

What are the different types of islet cell tumors?

Insulinoma, gastrinoma, and glucagonoma

Which islet cell tumor is most common?

Insulinoma (B cell)

Which islet cell is the 2nd most common?

Gastrinoma (G cell)

Which islet cell is usually benign (90-95%)?

Insulinoma

Which islet cell is rare?

Glucagonoma

Which islet cell produces Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Gastrinoma

What is a benign tumor, but can become malignant, common in women, and commonly found on pancreas body/tail?

Mucinous cystadenoma

What is a benign tumor, common in women, and commonly found on pancreas head?

Serous cystadenoma

What are the two functions of the pancreas?

Endocrine and exocrine

Which lab values would be important for pancreatitis?

Serum amylase and lipase levels