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Abdomen > Abdominal Wall & Diagphram > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall & Diagphram Flashcards

1
Q

The body is divided into what two major cavities?

A

Dorsal and ventral

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2
Q

What is contained in the dorsal cavity?

A

Brain & spine

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3
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall? 6

A

Skin,
tissue,
Muscles
Deep fascia,
Extraperitoneal fat,
Parietal peritoneum

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4
Q

What does the diaphragm do?

A

Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

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5
Q

The diaphragm is the major muscle of?

A

Inspiration

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6
Q

What are the 3 sites of attachment for the diaphragm?

A

Sternal, Lumbar, Costal

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7
Q

Which attachment is not always present?

A

Sternal

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8
Q

Which attachment is attached to the inner surface of the last ribs?

A

Costal

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9
Q

Which attachment has two attachments? And what are they?

A

Lumbar

Rt & Lt crura

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10
Q

Which attachment arise from the first 3 lumbar vertebrae, seen anterior to the aorta?

A

Right crura

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11
Q

Which attachment arise from the first 2 lumbar vertebrae?

A

Left crura

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12
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of abdominal wall abscess?

A

Erythema, Tenderness, Induration

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13
Q

What are the 2 common causes of superficial anterior abdominal wall abscess?

A

Surgical incision, External trauma

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14
Q

What is the lateral margin of the rectus muscles that is formed by fuses of the rectus muscles aponeuroses?

A

Linea semilunaris

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15
Q

What is the dense connective tissue, extending from xyphoid process to the pubic symphysis & formed by fusion of aponeurosis of abdominal muscles?

A

Linea alba

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16
Q

This separates the right and left rectus muscles?

A

Linea alba

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17
Q

Formed as the inferior border of the external oblique extends between anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle is called?

A

Inguinal ligament

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18
Q

What is formed as the inferior border of the external oblique extends?

A

Inguinal canal

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19
Q

In inguinal canal, in an adult, it is an oblique passage approximately?

A

4cm long

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20
Q

Within the inguinal canal is the _ cord in males and the round _ ligament in females.

A

Spermatic & uterine

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21
Q

What are the two openings of the inguinal canal?

A

Deep inguinal ring, Superficial inguinal ring

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22
Q

What is the anatomy for the posterior abdominal wall?5

A

Composition, Lumbar vertebra, Posterior abdominal wall muscles, Diaphragm, Fascia

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23
Q

The belly button is the center mark to?

A

Divide

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24
Q

What anatomy is in the RUQ?

A

Rt liver, Gallbladder

25
Q

What anatomy is in the LUQ?

A

Stomach, Lt liver, Spleen

26
Q

What anatomy is in the RLQ?

A

Bowel, Rt ovaries

27
Q

What anatomy is in the LLQ?

A

Bowel, Lt ovaries

28
Q

What anatomy is in between the RLQ & LLQ?

A

Bladder, Uterus

29
Q

What anatomy is in between the RUQ & LUQ?

A

Pancreas

30
Q

What anatomy is in between the RUQ & RLQ?

A

Kidney

31
Q

What anatomy is in between the LUQ & LLQ?

A

Kidney

32
Q

What are the 9 regions?

A

Right hypochondrium, Epigastrium, Left hypochondrium, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac fossa, Hypogastrium, Left iliac fossa

33
Q

What is the thickened upper margin of the fascia that covers the anterior surface of the psoas muscle?

A

Medial arcuate

34
Q

What is the thickened upper margin of the fascia that covers the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

Lateral arcuate

35
Q

What is in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver, Gallbladder, Right kidney, Small intestine

36
Q

What is in the epigastric region?

A

Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, Spleen, Adrenal glands

37
Q

What is in the left hypochondriac?

A

Spleen, Colon, Left kidney, Pancreas

38
Q

What is in the right lumbar?

A

Gallbladder, Liver, Right colon

39
Q

What is in the umbilical region?

A

Umbilicus (navel), Parts of small intestine, Duodenum

40
Q

What is in the left lumbar?

A

Descending colon, Left kidney

41
Q

What is in the right iliac?

A

Appendix, Cecum

42
Q

What is in the hypogastric region?

A

Urinary bladder, Sigmoid colon, Female reproductive organs

43
Q

What is in the left iliac?

A

Descending colon, Sigmoid colon

44
Q

Who is most at risk for inguinal hernia?

A

Men

45
Q

What is usually found in the various types of hernias?

A

Fat, Soft tissue, Bowel

46
Q

A protrusion of any organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the body is called?

A

Hernia

47
Q

A defect in transversalis fascia underlining the abdominal wall muscles just above the peritoneal membrane covering the organs is called?

A

Hernia

48
Q

Where are inguinal hernias found?

A

Direct and indirect are found superior to the inguinal ligament more commonly on right side

49
Q

What can we do to determine we are looking at a hernia?5

A

Location & size, Sac content, Reducibility, Incarceration, Strangulation

50
Q

How many attachments does the central tendon have?

A

None

51
Q

For a hematoma, the sonographic appearance of fresh blood appears echo free meaning?

A

Anechoic

52
Q

For a hematoma, the sonographic appearance of the old ones that appear with scattered areas of echo have?

A

Debris

53
Q

The abdominal wall hernias consist of what 3 parts?

A

Neck, Sac, Contents of the sac

54
Q

What are the two main categories of abdominal wall hernias?

A

Ventral & groin

55
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias are more common compared to?

A

The direct one

56
Q

Where is the defect in indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Deep ring

57
Q

Where is the herniation sac located in the indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Anterior to the spermatic cord

58
Q

Indirect inguinal may communicate with?

A

Scrotum

59
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias are identified where?

A

Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

Abdomen (5 decks)

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