Abdominal Wall & Diagphram

Question 1

The body is divided into what two major cavities?

Answer 1

Dorsal and ventral

Question 2

What is contained in the dorsal cavity?

Answer 2

Brain & spine

Question 3

What are the layers of the abdominal wall? 6

Answer 3

Skin,
tissue,
Muscles
Deep fascia,
Extraperitoneal fat,
Parietal peritoneum

Question 4

What does the diaphragm do?

Answer 4

Separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Question 5

The diaphragm is the major muscle of?

Answer 5

Inspiration

Question 6

What are the 3 sites of attachment for the diaphragm?

Answer 6

Sternal, Lumbar, Costal

Question 7

Which attachment is not always present?

Answer 7

Sternal

Question 8

Which attachment is attached to the inner surface of the last ribs?

Answer 8

Costal

Question 9

Which attachment has two attachments? And what are they?

Answer 9

Lumbar

Rt & Lt crura

Question 10

Which attachment arise from the first 3 lumbar vertebrae, seen anterior to the aorta?

Answer 10

Right crura

Question 11

Which attachment arise from the first 2 lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 11

Left crura

Question 12

What are the signs & symptoms of abdominal wall abscess?

Answer 12

Erythema, Tenderness, Induration

Question 13

What are the 2 common causes of superficial anterior abdominal wall abscess?

Answer 13

Surgical incision, External trauma

Question 14

What is the lateral margin of the rectus muscles that is formed by fuses of the rectus muscles aponeuroses?

Answer 14

Linea semilunaris

Question 15

What is the dense connective tissue, extending from xyphoid process to the pubic symphysis & formed by fusion of aponeurosis of abdominal muscles?

Answer 15

Linea alba

Question 16

This separates the right and left rectus muscles?

Answer 16

Linea alba

Question 17

Formed as the inferior border of the external oblique extends between anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle is called?

Answer 17

Inguinal ligament

Question 18

What is formed as the inferior border of the external oblique extends?

Answer 18

Inguinal canal

Question 19

In inguinal canal, in an adult, it is an oblique passage approximately?

Answer 19

4cm long

Question 20

Within the inguinal canal is the _ cord in males and the round _ ligament in females.

Answer 20

Spermatic & uterine

Question 21

What are the two openings of the inguinal canal?

Answer 21

Deep inguinal ring, Superficial inguinal ring

Question 22

What is the anatomy for the posterior abdominal wall?5

Answer 22

Composition, Lumbar vertebra, Posterior abdominal wall muscles, Diaphragm, Fascia

Question 23

The belly button is the center mark to?

Answer 23

Divide

Question 24

What anatomy is in the RUQ?

Answer 24

Rt liver, Gallbladder

Question 25

What anatomy is in the LUQ?

Answer 25

Stomach, Lt liver, Spleen

Question 26

What anatomy is in the RLQ?

Answer 26

Bowel, Rt ovaries

Question 27

What anatomy is in the LLQ?

Answer 27

Bowel, Lt ovaries

Question 28

What anatomy is in between the RLQ & LLQ?

Answer 28

Bladder, Uterus

Question 29

What anatomy is in between the RUQ & LUQ?

Answer 29

Pancreas

Question 30

What anatomy is in between the RUQ & RLQ?

Answer 30

Kidney

Question 31

What anatomy is in between the LUQ & LLQ?

Answer 31

Kidney

Question 32

What are the 9 regions?

Answer 32

Right hypochondrium, Epigastrium, Left hypochondrium, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac fossa, Hypogastrium, Left iliac fossa

Question 33

What is the thickened upper margin of the fascia that covers the anterior surface of the psoas muscle?

Answer 33

Medial arcuate

Question 34

What is the thickened upper margin of the fascia that covers the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Answer 34

Lateral arcuate

Question 35

What is in the right hypochondriac region?

Answer 35

Liver, Gallbladder, Right kidney, Small intestine

Question 36

What is in the epigastric region?

Answer 36

Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, Spleen, Adrenal glands

Question 37

What is in the left hypochondriac?

Answer 37

Spleen, Colon, Left kidney, Pancreas

Question 38

What is in the right lumbar?

Answer 38

Gallbladder, Liver, Right colon

Question 39

What is in the umbilical region?

Answer 39

Umbilicus (navel), Parts of small intestine, Duodenum

Question 40

What is in the left lumbar?

Answer 40

Descending colon, Left kidney

Question 41

What is in the right iliac?

Answer 41

Appendix, Cecum

Question 42

What is in the hypogastric region?

Answer 42

Urinary bladder, Sigmoid colon, Female reproductive organs

Question 43

What is in the left iliac?

Answer 43

Descending colon, Sigmoid colon

Question 44

Who is most at risk for inguinal hernia?

Answer 44

Men

Question 45

What is usually found in the various types of hernias?

Answer 45

Fat, Soft tissue, Bowel

Question 46

A protrusion of any organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the body is called?

Answer 46

Hernia

Question 47

A defect in transversalis fascia underlining the abdominal wall muscles just above the peritoneal membrane covering the organs is called?

Answer 47

Hernia

Question 48

Where are inguinal hernias found?

Answer 48

Direct and indirect are found superior to the inguinal ligament more commonly on right side

Question 49

What can we do to determine we are looking at a hernia?5

Answer 49

Location & size, Sac content, Reducibility, Incarceration, Strangulation

Question 50

How many attachments does the central tendon have?

Answer 50

None

Question 51

For a hematoma, the sonographic appearance of fresh blood appears echo free meaning?

Answer 51

Anechoic

Question 52

For a hematoma, the sonographic appearance of the old ones that appear with scattered areas of echo have?

Answer 52

Debris

Question 53

The abdominal wall hernias consist of what 3 parts?

Answer 53

Neck, Sac, Contents of the sac

Question 54

What are the two main categories of abdominal wall hernias?

Answer 54

Ventral & groin

Question 55

Indirect inguinal hernias are more common compared to?

Answer 55

The direct one

Question 56

Where is the defect in indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 56

Deep ring

Question 57

Where is the herniation sac located in the indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 57

Anterior to the spermatic cord

Question 58

Indirect inguinal may communicate with?

Answer 58

Scrotum

Question 59

Indirect inguinal hernias are identified where?

Answer 59

Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery