Spirochetes/Acid-Fast/Other

Question 1

Borrelia
burgdorferi Morphology/Structure

Answer 1

Gram negative spirochete

Question 2

Borrelia
burgdorferi Modes of Transmission

Answer 2

Mouse or deer
are reservoirs,
vector is a tick

Question 3

Borrelia
burgdorferi Virulence Factors

Answer 3

Antigenic switching,
cell adhesions, tick
needs to attach for
over 24 hours

Question 4

Borrelia
burgdorferi Diseases/Symptoms

Answer 4

Lyme Disease symptoms
include: Erythema
migrans (Bulls eye rash)
inflamed joints, can affect
heart and nerves if not
treated

Question 5

Borrelia
burgdorferi Diagnostics

Answer 5

Enzyme linked
immunoabsorbent
assay (ELISA) tests
for presence of blood
antibodies to B.
burgdorferi

Question 6

Borrelia
burgdorferi Prevention/Treatment

Answer 6

Is a dog
vaccine,
Tetracycline,
Doxycycline,
Cephalosporin
or amoxicillin
usually for 3-4
weeks

Question 7

Borrelia
burgdorferi Immune Response

Answer 7

Tick’s saliva
components
disrupt normal
immune
response
which
produces
rash.
Antigenic
switching
makes it
difficult to treat
sometimes

Question 8

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Morphology/Structure

Answer 8

Acid fast bacilli, mycolic acid
in cell wall

Question 9

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Modes of Transmission

Answer 9

Human
respiratory
droplets, can
remain airborne
for long time

Question 10

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Virulence Factors

Answer 10

Mycolic acid
resists drying out,
resistant to
phagocytosis

Question 11

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Diseases/Symptoms

Answer 11

Tuberculosis symptoms
include Inflammation of
lungs, weakness, fever,
coughing, chest pain,
bloody sputum, can be
asymptomatic for
months

Question 12

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Diagnostics

Answer 12

Skin test to see
if been
exposed and
chest X-Ray

Question 13

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Prevention/Treatment

Answer 13

Is a vaccine,
Can use
antibiogic
Isoniazid,
inhibits mycolic
acid synthesis

Question 14

Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Immune Response

Answer 14

90 – 95% of
infections are
asymptomatic,
most common in
developing
countries

Question 15

Helicobacter pylori Morphology/Structure

Answer 15

Gram negative curved rod
flagella

Question 16

Helicobacter pylori Modes of Transmission

Answer 16

Normal flora of
many people, can
live in the lining of
stomach,
transmitted
through oral fecal
contamination

Question 17

Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors

Answer 17

Adherence factor,
urease neutralizes
stomach acid,
proteases and
mucinase
degrades stomach
mucus

Question 18

Helicobacter pylori Diseases/Symptoms

Answer 18

Gastritis, duodenal and
stomach ulcers, stomach
cancer stomach
pain, nausea, vomiting,
black stool

Question 19

Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics

Answer 19

Blood antibody or
stool antigen test

Question 20

Helicobacter pylori Prevention/Treatment

Answer 20

Proton pump
inhibitors such
as omeprazole
along with
amoxicillin

Question 21

Helicobacter pylori Immune Response

Answer 21

Absence of
H.pylori
indicated in
GERD

Question 22

Chlamydia
trachomatis Morphology/Structure

Answer 22

Gram negative
coccobacillus

Question 23

Chlamydia
trachomatis Modes of Transmission

Answer 23

Human
reproductive
system

Question 24

Chlamydia
trachomatis Virulence Factors

Answer 24

Infects host
macrophages,
antibiotic resistant

Question 25

Chlamydia
trachomatis Diseases/Symptoms

Answer 25

Most prevalent STD in
US, causing urethritis,
cervicitis, pelvic
inflammatory disease, can
cause trachoma (eye
infection with roughening
of surface of eyes) or
blindness to baby during
birth if mom has

Question 26

Chlamydia
trachomatis Diagnostics

Answer 26

Swab of cervix of
women and urethra
of men and perform
and antigen test

Question 27

Chlamydia
trachomatis Prevention/Treatment

Answer 27

Azrithromycin

Question 28

Chlamydia
trachomatis Immune Response

Answer 28

Infects host
macrophages,
can resist
harsh
conditions