Spirochetes/Acid-Fast/Other Flashcards
Borrelia
burgdorferi Morphology/Structure
Gram negative spirochete
Borrelia
burgdorferi Modes of Transmission
Mouse or deer
are reservoirs,
vector is a tick
Borrelia
burgdorferi Virulence Factors
Antigenic switching,
cell adhesions, tick
needs to attach for
over 24 hours
Borrelia
burgdorferi Diseases/Symptoms
Lyme Disease symptoms
include: Erythema
migrans (Bulls eye rash)
inflamed joints, can affect
heart and nerves if not
treated
Borrelia
burgdorferi Diagnostics
Enzyme linked
immunoabsorbent
assay (ELISA) tests
for presence of blood
antibodies to B.
burgdorferi
Borrelia
burgdorferi Prevention/Treatment
Is a dog
vaccine,
Tetracycline,
Doxycycline,
Cephalosporin
or amoxicillin
usually for 3-4
weeks
Borrelia
burgdorferi Immune Response
Tick’s saliva
components
disrupt normal
immune
response
which
produces
rash.
Antigenic
switching
makes it
difficult to treat
sometimes
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Morphology/Structure
Acid fast bacilli, mycolic acid
in cell wall
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Modes of Transmission
Human
respiratory
droplets, can
remain airborne
for long time
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Virulence Factors
Mycolic acid
resists drying out,
resistant to
phagocytosis
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Diseases/Symptoms
Tuberculosis symptoms
include Inflammation of
lungs, weakness, fever,
coughing, chest pain,
bloody sputum, can be
asymptomatic for
months
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Diagnostics
Skin test to see
if been
exposed and
chest X-Ray
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Prevention/Treatment
Is a vaccine,
Can use
antibiogic
Isoniazid,
inhibits mycolic
acid synthesis
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Immune Response
90 – 95% of
infections are
asymptomatic,
most common in
developing
countries
Helicobacter pylori Morphology/Structure
Gram negative curved rod
flagella
Helicobacter pylori Modes of Transmission
Normal flora of
many people, can
live in the lining of
stomach,
transmitted
through oral fecal
contamination
Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors
Adherence factor,
urease neutralizes
stomach acid,
proteases and
mucinase
degrades stomach
mucus
Helicobacter pylori Diseases/Symptoms
Gastritis, duodenal and
stomach ulcers, stomach
cancer stomach
pain, nausea, vomiting,
black stool
Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics
Blood antibody or
stool antigen test
Helicobacter pylori Prevention/Treatment
Proton pump
inhibitors such
as omeprazole
along with
amoxicillin
Helicobacter pylori Immune Response
Absence of
H.pylori
indicated in
GERD
Chlamydia
trachomatis Morphology/Structure
Gram negative
coccobacillus
Chlamydia
trachomatis Modes of Transmission
Human
reproductive
system
Chlamydia
trachomatis Virulence Factors
Infects host
macrophages,
antibiotic resistant
Chlamydia
trachomatis Diseases/Symptoms
Most prevalent STD in
US, causing urethritis,
cervicitis, pelvic
inflammatory disease, can
cause trachoma (eye
infection with roughening
of surface of eyes) or
blindness to baby during
birth if mom has
Chlamydia
trachomatis Diagnostics
Swab of cervix of
women and urethra
of men and perform
and antigen test
Chlamydia
trachomatis Prevention/Treatment
Azrithromycin
Chlamydia
trachomatis Immune Response
Infects host
macrophages,
can resist
harsh
conditions
