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B&M Final > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

outer sheath

A

act as unit membrane covering the protoplasmic cylinder

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2
Q

axial filament

A

inserted through proximal hook that runs along protoplasmic cylinder and under outer sheath

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3
Q

other borrelia species that cause lyme

A

B garinii – europe
B afzelii – asia

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4
Q

why is borrelia burgdoferi difficult to culture

A

aerobic
fastidious
low numbers of organisms present in infected animals

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5
Q

transmission of borrelia burgdoferi

A

ticks – Ixodes species
Ixodes scapularis in northeast and southeast US
Ixodes pacificus in pacific areas of US

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6
Q

what disease does borrelia burgdoferi cause

A

lyme disease

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7
Q

do ticks transmit lyme disease

A

no

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8
Q

how to diagnose borrelia burgdoferi

A

serology

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9
Q

when do most borrelia burgdoferi infections occur

A

spring and fall

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10
Q

what virulence factor elicits inflammmatory response in Borrelia burgdoferi

A

LPS and a novel peptidoglycan

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11
Q

what contributes to arthritis in borrelia burgdoferi

A

large amounts of peptidoglycan continue to be shed in the joints

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12
Q

why can borrelia burgdoferi infection progress, why can’t body get rid of it

A

persistence of bacteria
autoimmune reaction

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13
Q

what does borrelia burgdoferi do to host immune response

A

suppress the host immune response

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14
Q

is borrelia burgdoferi common in horses

A

uncommon

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15
Q

what is main symptom of borrelia burgdoferi in horses

A

lameness

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16
Q

can horses have in utero infections of borrelia burgdoferi

A

in utero infections may occur, resulting in death adn infections in foals by weaning

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17
Q

is vaccination for borrelia burgdoferi in horses recommended

A

no

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18
Q

how long after a tick bite do symptoms occur in dogs

A

may take 2-5 months afer a bite for symptoms to appear

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19
Q

what cna borrelia burgdoferi infection cause in dogs

A

renal disease
rarely myocarditis

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20
Q

is borrelia burgdoferi infection common in cattle

A

rare in cattle

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21
Q

can cattle get in utero infections of borrelia burgdoferi

A

in utero infections may occur resulting in deaths of calves

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22
Q

range of lyme symptoms in humans

A

wide range in severity of symptoms

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23
Q

what type of immunity to borrelia burgdoferi

A

humoral

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24
Q

what cytokines are produced in immune response to borrelia burgdoferi

A

IL-8
IL-1
THF-a

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25
Q

why do chronic infections of borrelia burgdoferi occur

A

suppression of host immune response
autoimmune reaction of peptidoglycan
bacterial DNA in certain tissues persist

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26
Q

diagnosis of borrelia burgdoferi

A

history, clinical signs, PCR
serology, western blot

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27
Q

public health concerns for borrelia burgdoferi

A

dogs may act as carriers – asymptomatic spirochetemia
animals may be source of ticks

28
Q

treatment of borrelia burgdoferi

A

tetracycline
doxycycline

29
Q

ACVM recommendation for treatment of borrelia burgdoferi

A

30 days of doxycycline for dogs

30
Q

vaccine for borrelia burgdoferi

A

commercial subunit vaccines are more useful – OspA
vaccine in humans withdrawn in 2002

31
Q

what does borrelia theileri cause

A

mild febrile anemia
spirochetemia and relapsing fever

32
Q

what transmits borrelia theileri

A

hard ticks – Rhipicephalus species

33
Q

what does borrelia anserina cause

A

fowl spirochetosis

34
Q

what transmits borrelia anserina

A

ticks – Argas persicus

35
Q

do birds recover from disease with borrelia anserina

A

surviving birds recover in about 2 weeks and have long lasting immunity

36
Q

what does borrelia anserina do to liver and stomach

A

liver mottled with necrosis and marginal infarctions
bile colored mucid enteritis observed

37
Q

diagnosis of borrelia anserina

A

dark field microscopy

38
Q

vaccination for borrelia anserina

A

bacterin avaiable (chicken embryo passage) but serotype specific (serotypes vary by region)

39
Q

what does borrelia coriacea cause

A

epizootic bovine abortion

40
Q

transmission of borrelia coriace

A

ticks – Ornithodorus coriacens

41
Q

what does borrelia recurrentis cuase

A

relapsing fever in humans

42
Q

transmission of borrelia recurrentis

A

animal to human
human to human (lice)

43
Q

what does borrelia vincenti cuase

A

trench mouth

44
Q

where does borrelia vincenti live

A

normal mouth flora in humans

45
Q

does borrelia vincenti cause disease in dogs

A

may cause disease in dogs similar to trench mouth in humans

46
Q

what disease is anaerobic treponema associated with

A

bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis
heel warts, hairy foot warts

47
Q

what are novel treponeme called

A

treponema brennaborense

48
Q

describe lesions of treponema brennaborense

A

strawberry lesions

49
Q

what causes ovine foot rot

A

Treponema brennaborense, but Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Dichelobacter nodosus are recognized as the primary agents

50
Q

how to treat ovine foot rot

A

debridement and topical antibiotics

51
Q

what does tremponema parluis-cuniculi cause

A

rabbit syphylis or vent (genitalia) disease

52
Q

diagnosis of tremponema parluis-cuniculi

A

darkfield

53
Q

what can treatment of syphilis cause in humans

A

jarisch-herxheimer reaction

54
Q

what does brachyspira hyodysenteriae cause

A

swine dysentery

55
Q

where is infection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae limited to

A

mucosa of large intestine

56
Q

what aids in colonization of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A

other intestinal bacteria – B fragilis, F necrophorum

57
Q

are brachyspira hyodysenteriae motile

A

yes, highly motile

58
Q

what type of cells does brachyspira hyodysenteriae invade

A

goblet cells – cause excessive mucous production

59
Q

how does brachyspira hyodysenteriae affect the large bowel

A

thickening of mucosal folds, reddening of mucosa
ulcerative to necrotizing colitis in later stages

60
Q

clinical signs of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A

midl disease – mucoid diarrhea
severe diarrhea in acute exposure
profuse bloody diarreha with mucous (dysnetery)

61
Q

antibodies to what are protective for brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A

LPS

62
Q

control of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A

management
quarantine new herd additions
all in all out management practice

63
Q

diagnosis of brachyspira hyodysenteriae

A

clinical signs
histopathology
large zone of B hemolysis

64
Q

what species particularly get spirochete disease

A

dogs
pigs
birds

65
Q

where do spirochetes attach and what do they do

A

attach to intestinal wall
cause erosion of epithelial layer, hyperplasia, depletion of goblet cells

B&M Final (4 decks)

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