Spirochetes Flashcards
outer sheath
act as unit membrane covering the protoplasmic cylinder
axial filament
inserted through proximal hook that runs along protoplasmic cylinder and under outer sheath
other borrelia species that cause lyme
B garinii – europe
B afzelii – asia
why is borrelia burgdoferi difficult to culture
aerobic
fastidious
low numbers of organisms present in infected animals
transmission of borrelia burgdoferi
ticks – Ixodes species
Ixodes scapularis in northeast and southeast US
Ixodes pacificus in pacific areas of US
what disease does borrelia burgdoferi cause
lyme disease
do ticks transmit lyme disease
no
how to diagnose borrelia burgdoferi
serology
when do most borrelia burgdoferi infections occur
spring and fall
what virulence factor elicits inflammmatory response in Borrelia burgdoferi
LPS and a novel peptidoglycan
what contributes to arthritis in borrelia burgdoferi
large amounts of peptidoglycan continue to be shed in the joints
why can borrelia burgdoferi infection progress, why can’t body get rid of it
persistence of bacteria
autoimmune reaction
what does borrelia burgdoferi do to host immune response
suppress the host immune response
is borrelia burgdoferi common in horses
uncommon
what is main symptom of borrelia burgdoferi in horses
lameness
can horses have in utero infections of borrelia burgdoferi
in utero infections may occur, resulting in death adn infections in foals by weaning
is vaccination for borrelia burgdoferi in horses recommended
no
how long after a tick bite do symptoms occur in dogs
may take 2-5 months afer a bite for symptoms to appear
what cna borrelia burgdoferi infection cause in dogs
renal disease
rarely myocarditis
is borrelia burgdoferi infection common in cattle
rare in cattle
can cattle get in utero infections of borrelia burgdoferi
in utero infections may occur resulting in deaths of calves
range of lyme symptoms in humans
wide range in severity of symptoms
what type of immunity to borrelia burgdoferi
humoral
what cytokines are produced in immune response to borrelia burgdoferi
IL-8
IL-1
THF-a
why do chronic infections of borrelia burgdoferi occur
suppression of host immune response
autoimmune reaction of peptidoglycan
bacterial DNA in certain tissues persist
diagnosis of borrelia burgdoferi
history, clinical signs, PCR
serology, western blot
public health concerns for borrelia burgdoferi
dogs may act as carriers – asymptomatic spirochetemia
animals may be source of ticks
treatment of borrelia burgdoferi
tetracycline
doxycycline
ACVM recommendation for treatment of borrelia burgdoferi
30 days of doxycycline for dogs
vaccine for borrelia burgdoferi
commercial subunit vaccines are more useful – OspA
vaccine in humans withdrawn in 2002
what does borrelia theileri cause
mild febrile anemia
spirochetemia and relapsing fever
what transmits borrelia theileri
hard ticks – Rhipicephalus species
what does borrelia anserina cause
fowl spirochetosis
what transmits borrelia anserina
ticks – Argas persicus
do birds recover from disease with borrelia anserina
surviving birds recover in about 2 weeks and have long lasting immunity
what does borrelia anserina do to liver and stomach
liver mottled with necrosis and marginal infarctions
bile colored mucid enteritis observed
diagnosis of borrelia anserina
dark field microscopy
vaccination for borrelia anserina
bacterin avaiable (chicken embryo passage) but serotype specific (serotypes vary by region)
what does borrelia coriacea cause
epizootic bovine abortion
transmission of borrelia coriace
ticks – Ornithodorus coriacens
what does borrelia recurrentis cuase
relapsing fever in humans
transmission of borrelia recurrentis
animal to human
human to human (lice)
what does borrelia vincenti cuase
trench mouth
where does borrelia vincenti live
normal mouth flora in humans
does borrelia vincenti cause disease in dogs
may cause disease in dogs similar to trench mouth in humans
what disease is anaerobic treponema associated with
bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis
heel warts, hairy foot warts
what are novel treponeme called
treponema brennaborense
describe lesions of treponema brennaborense
strawberry lesions
what causes ovine foot rot
Treponema brennaborense, but Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Dichelobacter nodosus are recognized as the primary agents
how to treat ovine foot rot
debridement and topical antibiotics
what does tremponema parluis-cuniculi cause
rabbit syphylis or vent (genitalia) disease
diagnosis of tremponema parluis-cuniculi
darkfield
what can treatment of syphilis cause in humans
jarisch-herxheimer reaction
what does brachyspira hyodysenteriae cause
swine dysentery
where is infection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae limited to
mucosa of large intestine
what aids in colonization of brachyspira hyodysenteriae
other intestinal bacteria – B fragilis, F necrophorum
are brachyspira hyodysenteriae motile
yes, highly motile
what type of cells does brachyspira hyodysenteriae invade
goblet cells – cause excessive mucous production
how does brachyspira hyodysenteriae affect the large bowel
thickening of mucosal folds, reddening of mucosa
ulcerative to necrotizing colitis in later stages
clinical signs of brachyspira hyodysenteriae
midl disease – mucoid diarrhea
severe diarrhea in acute exposure
profuse bloody diarreha with mucous (dysnetery)
antibodies to what are protective for brachyspira hyodysenteriae
LPS
control of brachyspira hyodysenteriae
management
quarantine new herd additions
all in all out management practice
diagnosis of brachyspira hyodysenteriae
clinical signs
histopathology
large zone of B hemolysis
what species particularly get spirochete disease
dogs
pigs
birds
where do spirochetes attach and what do they do
attach to intestinal wall
cause erosion of epithelial layer, hyperplasia, depletion of goblet cells
