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B&M Final > Leptospira > Flashcards

Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

what does leptospira look like

A

long spiral
gram negative
hooks at one or both ends

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2
Q

respriation of leptospira

A

strict aerobe
uses long chain fatty acids as carbon soruce

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3
Q

growth of leptospira

A

growth media requires supplementation
5-10% serum
albumin + B1
B12
purines
5-flurouracil

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4
Q

what is leptospira sensitive to

A

heat
light
disinfectants

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5
Q

what are 2 taxonomic systmeis based on

A

1 – virulence and antigenic differneces
2 – genetic differneces

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6
Q

what are the non pathogenic lepto from virulence based taxonomic grouping

A

L biflexa (all serovars)

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7
Q

what are the pathogenic lepto from virulence based taxonomic grouping

A

L interrogans (all serovars)

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8
Q

what is natural reservoir of lepto

A

lumen of nephritic tubules

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9
Q

can lepto survive following excretion in urine

A

yes in fresh water, soil, mud
no in saltwater, low pH, low humidity, low temp

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10
Q

what two virulence factors are mutant confirmed

A

catalase
motility

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11
Q

what does lepto cause

A

premature birth
abortion
infertility
jaundice
agalactia
hemoglobinuria

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12
Q

what does lepto cause in dogs

A

acute hemorrhagic or chronic icteric and uremic syndromes
liver and kidneys affected

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13
Q

general signs of lepto infection

A

fever
inappetance
malaise (general feelings of sickness/uncomfyness)

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14
Q

lab changes with lepto infection

A

hemoglobinuria
increased BUN

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15
Q

what are the 3 forms of lepto in dogs

A

hemorrhagic
icteric
uremic

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16
Q

what can lepto infection result in in dogs

A

kidney failure
severe liver disease
has been fatal following shock

17
Q

what can hematogenous spread of lepto to kidneys cause

A

carrier state in lumen of nephritic tubules (especially in rodents)

18
Q

where may lepto persist in large animals

A

uterus
can infect fetus – abortion, weak offspring

19
Q

transmission of lepto

A

natural habitat – proximal convoluted tubules of kidney in many reservoir hosts
infection by exposure to contaminated urine
transplacental transmission – cow, horse, pig
through milk
through semen (venereal)

20
Q

what serovar is adapted to Norway rats

A

icterohaemorrhagiae

21
Q

what immunity is important

A

humoral

22
Q

are antibodies serovar specific

A

possibly

23
Q

control of lepto

A

know local serovars – vaccines
prevent exposure

24
Q

diagnosis of lepto

A

darkfield microscopy
serology – 4 fold titer change between acute and convalescent samples

25
Q

what may be the best test for lepto

A

microscope agglutination test

26
Q

isolation or passage in hamsters

A

5-fluoroacil can be added to contaminated specimens
growth appears as diffuse zone then ring (dinger’s ring) near top of tube (strict aerobe)

27
Q

do antibiotics eliminate spirochetes from kidney

A

some antibiotic may not eliminate spirochetes from kidey
may not eliminate carrier state

28
Q

treatment of lepto

A

ampicillin, penicillin G, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, teracycline, doxycycline

29
Q

what can penicillin cause and wht may you need to add to prevent it

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer (endotoxic shock) reaction
may need to add steroids

30
Q

is lepto zoonotic

A

yes
people swimming in contaminated water at risk

31
Q

lepto in people

A

weil’s disease – similar to rpesentaion in dogs

32
Q

how many people get lepto each year, how many deaths

A

more than 1 million people contract a tropical disease known as leptospirosis each year, resulting in nearly 59,000 deaths

33
Q

what may cause prevalence of lepto to rise

A

as climate change affects global temperatures and urbanization accelerates, the prevalence of leptospirosis is likely to rise

B&M Final (4 decks)

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