Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

spirochetes

A
  • long, slender helical bacteria with specialized cell envelope to allow flexion and rotation
  • stain poorly with Gram stain
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2
Q

Syphilis

A
  • Treponema pallidum
  • chronic STI
  • infection may also spread mother to fetus
  • T. pallidum is easily killed and reproduce at site of inoculation
    Primary - chancre with luetic vasculitis
    Secondary - systemic spread, lesions in skin, mucous membranes, LN, meninges, stomach, liver.
    Tertiary - focal ischemic necrosis after obliterative endarteritis
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3
Q

Yaws

A
  • nonvenereal T. pertenue
  • mother yaw and secondary baby yaws
  • crab yaw when papillomas on soles of feet
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4
Q

Bejel

A
  • T. pallidum endemicum
  • mouth to mouth transmission
  • gummas of skin, airways, and bone
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5
Q

Pinta

A
  • T. carateum

- tropical skin disease

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6
Q

Lyme Disease

A
  • Borrelia burgdorgeri spirochete
  • bite of Ixodes tick
  • reproduces at site of inoculation, spreads to regional lymcph nodes, disseminates throughout body via blood
  • chronic, occurs in stages
    Stage 1: characteristic skin lesion with fatigue, fever, arthralgia
    Stage 2: cardiac and neuro abnormalities
    Stage 3: Joint, skin, neuro abnormalities. Histopath similar to rheumatoid arthritis
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7
Q

Leptospirosis

A
  • Leptospira interrogans spirochete
  • contact with rats, water, or mud
  • can be biphasic:
    1) leptospiremic phase - abrupt fever, chills, HA, myalgias. Leptospires in blood and CSF
    2) Immune phase - production of IgM Abs. Severe –> Weil disease (hepatic, renal failure, shock)
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8
Q

Epidemic Relapsing Fever

A
  • Borrelia recurrentis spirochete
  • acute febrile septicemia
  • transmitted by bit of louse, humans only reservoir
  • multiplies within louse, gets into bite when louse is crushed
  • splenomegaly with tangled aggregates
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9
Q

Endemic Relapsing Fever

A
  • Borrelia spp. spirochetes
  • transmitted from rodents via tick (saliva or coxal fluid)
  • splenomegaly with tangled aggregates
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10
Q

Tropical Phagedenic Ulcer

A
  • Bacillus fisiformis and Treponema vincentii (fusospirochetal)
  • painful necrotizing lesion of skin and subcutaneous tissues
  • malnutrition cause predisposition
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11
Q

Noma

A
  • T. vincentii, B. fusiformis, Bacteroides spp. and Corynebacterium spp. (fusospirochetal)
  • rapidly progressive necrosis of soft tissues and bones of mouth and face
  • malnourished kids in tropics after recent other infection
  • ulcer is usually unilateral and disfiguring
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