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Advanced Somm > Spirits and Liqueurs > Flashcards

Spirits and Liqueurs Flashcards

0
Q

What destillation is used for vodka production?

A

Continuous still

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1
Q

What is Vodka?

A

neutral, clear liquor

russian word for water

may be distilled from potstoes, rye, grapes, beets, molasses

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2
Q

why is Vodka filtered with charcoal?

A

to make it ultra-clean

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3
Q

what happens, if vodka is destilled over and over?

A

the stronger and purer the final spirit will be

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4
Q

in EU, vodka must have a minimum abv?

A

37,5%

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5
Q

Vodka producers?

A 
Stolichnaya
Ikon (both Russia)
Chopin
Belvedere (both Poland)
Grey Goose (France)
Ketel One (Holland)
Tito's handmade Vodka (Texas 100%corn)
Smirnoff (global, Diageo owned; Russian origin-not produced there for a century)
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6
Q

vommon flavors for vodka are:

A 
lemon/citron
vanilla
orange
rasperry
blueberry
fruits and spices
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7
Q

What is Aquavit?

A

scandinavian liquor
fermented from potatoes or grain
flavoured with caraway root and other aromatics
(basiclly flavoured vodka)

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8
Q

Soju

A

korean soju or jamanese shochu, destilled liquor made out of sake-now also made out of grain and potato- similar in style to unflavoured vodka

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9
Q

Awamori?

A

an Okinawan style of schochi - always destilled from rice

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10
Q

gin?

A

essentially flavored vodka

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11
Q

production of gin?

A

neutral grain spirit, flavoured with a range of botanicals - JUNIPER BERRIES are the most important component - and redistilled

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12
Q

What is London Dry Gin?

A

wide range of botanical flavorings
addition to juniper berries, often contains citrus and spice elements
orange peel, lemon peel, anise, cardamom, coriander, nutmeg, angelica root, …

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13
Q

Popular London Dry Gin brands?

A

Beefeater, Tanqueray, Bombay Sapphire, Gordon’s, Boodles

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14
Q

Where was gin developed?

A

Holland

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15
Q

How is Genever produced?

A

pot still
sweeter, but less alcoholic than London Dry Gin
Juniper and malt are dominant aromatics
min 15% malt wine (destillate of corn, rye and wheat)

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16
Q

Corenwyn?

A

Corn wine
cask aged Genever
maltwine comprises 51% of destillate

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17
Q

Jonge

A

cleaner, more neutral Genever

with less malt wine

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18
Q

Oude

A

traditional Genever

15% maltwine

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19
Q

Plymouth Gin?

A

just produced by Plymouth, Coates & Co (England)
fuller body than London Dry Gin
very aromatic

(for Pink Gin Cocktail)

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20
Q

What is Old Tom Gin?

A

English style rarely
lightly sweetened gin

old tom - was 19th century slang for black cat

Gin for the classic Tom Collins Cocktail

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21
Q

Whiskey - Whisky

A

Whisky prefereef spelling for Scotch

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22
Q

What is Whiskey?

A

… is distilled product of fermented grains, including unmalted and malted barley, maize, rye, oats, wheat

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23
Q

Where does the word Whiskey comes from?

A

Uisgebeatha

Gaelic for “Water of Life”

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24
Q

When was the first written proof of Whiskey?

A

Scotland 1494

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25
Q

When was Americas Whiskey Rebellion held?

A

1794

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26
Q

Bourbon Whiskey

A

destilled from min 51% corn
pioneered by Elijah Craig
aged in new oak casks
if aged for less than 4 years- it has do be written on label

Bourbon County is located at Kentucky
95% of Bourbon Whiskey is produced in that state
MAY LEGALLY BE PRODUCED ANYWHERE IN THE US

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27
Q

What is Tennessee Whiskey?

A

must be produced in Tennessee
currently only product by Jack Daniels and George Dickel

must be filtered with maple charcoal prior to aging

sour mash whiskey (portion of spent mash to neely fermenting mash)

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28
Q

Sour mash?

A

utilized by many Bourbon destillers

spent mash into newly fermenting mash

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29
Q

What is Rye Whiskey?

A

destilled from min 51% rye
aged in new charred oak barrels min 2 years

producers: Sazerac, Rittenhouse

more bitter and powerful than Bourbon

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30
Q

Corn Whiskey?

A

produced min 80% corn
may be unaged or aged
used or uncharred new barrels

labelled STRAIGHT (if spirit spent a minimum of 2 years in appropriate barrel)

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31
Q

Straight Whiskey?

A

if spirit spent min 2 years in the appropriate barrel

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32
Q

Difference American - Scotch Whiskey?

A

American: rely on newly charred wood

Scotch: used casks, used Bourbon and Sherry casks

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33
Q

2009 Scotch Whisky Regulation established 5 legal categories of Scotch. Which?

A 
Single Malt Scotch Whisky
Single Grain Scotch Whisky
Blended Malt Scotch Whisky
Blended Grain Scotch Whisky
Blended Scotch Whisky
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34
Q

What is Single Malt Scotch Whisky?

A

destilled from malted barley
pot still at a single distillery
from 2012 all single malts must be bottled in Scotland

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35
Q

What is Single Grain Whiskey?

A

single destillery

unmalted barley, wheat or corn

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36
Q

What is Blended Malt Scotch Whiskey?

A

produced from a blend of Malt Whiskies

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37
Q

What is Blended Grain Scotch Whisky?

A

produced from two or more Grain Whiskies

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38
Q

What is Blended Whisky?

A

Mixture of Malt and Grain Whiskies produced of a number of different distilleries

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39
Q

What is the old term “Pure Malt Scotch Whisky” now called?

A

Synonym for Blended Malt Whiskies

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40
Q

Where is it allowed to produce Scotch Whisky?

A

all must be produced in Scotland
destilled twice (or more)
aged for at least three years

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41
Q

How long generally Single Malt Scotch ages?

A

at least 10 years

some are released at 25 or 30 years of age

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42
Q

Why Scotch Whisky can not be aged longer than 30 or 32 years?

A

“angles share”

all whiskies must be at least 40%abv

eavporation over time would weaken the spirit too much to meet the legal minimum

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43
Q

six regions on Scotland producing Whisky?

A 
Highlands
Lowlands
Speyside
Islay
Campbeltown
Islands
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44
Q

What is Scotlands largest Whisky region?

A

Highlands

Oban
Glenmorangie
Dalwhinnie
Dalmore

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45
Q

Highlands Whisky producers?

A

Glenmorangie
Oban
Dalwhinnie
Dalmore

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46
Q

What is often the lightest and least smoky Scoch?

A

Lowlands

Glenkinchie
Auchentoshan
Bladnoch

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47
Q

Lowlands Scoch producers?

A

Glenkinchie
Auchentoshan
Bladnoch

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48
Q

Where is Spyside?

producers?

A

former subzone of Highlands
home of a large number of destilleries

Glenlivet
Glenfiddich
Macallan

produced in Speyside with water from the river Spey

generally milder and fruity in character

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49
Q

Name the 3 distilleries of Campbletown?

A

Glen Scotia
Glengyle
Springbank

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50
Q

Major Scotch producing Islands?

A 
Skye (Talisker)
Jura
Mull
Arran
Orkney (Highland Park)
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51
Q

Destilleries of Islay

A

Ardberg
Lagavulin
Laphroaig

most peaty and smoky style of Scoch

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52
Q

casks used for Single Malts

A 
Port
Sherry
Madeira
Burgundy
Sauternes
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53
Q

Name the 2 destilleries who a pioneers of style crafting a softer, fruitier style of Single Malts designed to win converts to the category overall?

A

Glenmorangie

Balvenie

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54
Q

Name the 3 active Irish Whiskey destilleries?

A

Old Bushmills
Cooley
New Midleton (Producers of Jameson)

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55
Q

Difference between Scotch and Irish Whiskey?

A

Irish Whiskey is typically lighter, less smoky and traditionally distilled 3 times in pot still; must be aged at least 3 years prior to release ( in practice they age for at least 7 years)

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56
Q

Where except Ireland, US and Scotland - Whiskey is produced?

A

Canada & Japan

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57
Q

Japans most famous Whiskey producer?

A

Suntory

offering blended and single malt Whiskies

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58
Q

Japan Whiskey Style?

A

admirers of Scotch

produce Whiskey in similar style

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59
Q

What is Canadian Rye Whiskey?

A

generally blended
must be aged for three years before sale
no legal requirements

Glenora Destillers (Cape Breton Island of Nova Scotia) destills malt whisky in style of Scotch

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60
Q

Brandy?

A

Counterpart to Whiskey
Brandy used wine as it source material

eau de vie - water of life

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61
Q

EU defination of Brandy?

A

destillation of wine
with min abv 36%
min oak aging of 6 months
may be produced across the worlds viticultural regions

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62
Q

Where is Brandy produced?

A

Across the worlds viticultural regions

France, California, Spain, Germany, South America, Eastern Europe

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63
Q

Name the 2 delimated regions of Brandy production in Southwest France?

A

Cognac

Armagnac

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64
Q

When was Cognac first defined and where is it located?

A

1909

northeast of Bordeaux

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65
Q

Cognac’s 6 defined regions?

A 
Grande Champagne
Petite Champagne
Borderies
Fins Bois
Bons Bois
Bois Ordinaires (Bois a Terroirs)
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66
Q

Soils of Grande Champagne and Petite Champagne?

A

high % of soft chalk

preferred soil for Cognac

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67
Q

Soils of all Cognac regions except Grande & Petite Champagne?

A

hard limestone
sand
clay

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68
Q

What is Cognac?

A

destilled from low alcohol, acidic base wine produced from Ugni Blanc (98%), Folle Blanche, Colombard,…

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69
Q

Production of Cognac?

A

destilled twice

in copper Charaintais pot still

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70
Q

Name of the 2 destillation in Cognac production?

A

Brouillis (1. destillation - 28-32% alc)

Bonne Chauffe (2. destillation - 70% abv)

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71
Q

Bonne Chauffe (Second destillation at Cognac production) is devided in several parts- which?

A

tete (head)
coeur (heart)
secondes (second cuts)
queue (tails)

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72
Q

Cognac labels may give an designation of age- which?

A

VS - very special or *** min 2 years cask

VSOP - very special (superior) old pale min 4 years cask

XO - extra old min 6 years cask
(many are aged 15-20 yrs prior to release)

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73
Q

Do Vintage Cognac exist?

A

while now legal, are rare

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74
Q

If Grande Champagne is labeled eau de vie originates from…

A

100% named area

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75
Q

Fine Champagne on the label means?

A

Cognac is destilled from wines produced in Grande and Petite Champagne regions - Grande Champagne composing at least 50% of blend

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76
Q

Where is Armagnac located?

A

southeast of Bordeaux

77
Q

3 regions of Armagnac?

A

Haut Armagnac
Bas Armagnac
Armagnac Tenareze

78
Q

Grapes Armagnac produced from?

A

Ugni Blanc
Colombard
Folle Blanche (Picpoul)
Baco Blanc (only hybrid authorized in any french appellation)

79
Q

What is Frances only hybrid grape authorized in an AOP appellation?

A

Baco Blanc

at Armagnac region

80
Q

Production of Armagnac?

A

produced from a blend
my be destilled twice Charentais pot still
95% of all undergoes only one destillation
in cooper continuous still

81
Q

Aging for Armagnac?

A

young Armagnac is aged in oak casks until it reaches its desired state

or

bottled after 3 months in an inert container as Blanche Armagnac AOC

82
Q

What is Blanche Armagnac AOC

A

appellation since 2005
Armagnac bottles after 3 months in an inert container
clear spirit

83
Q

Armagnac indications?

A

VS - aged at least 2 years in wood

VSOP - min 5 years

XO - min 6 years oak

84
Q

BNIA

A

Bureau National Interprofessionel de l’Armagnac

85
Q

BNIA new grading system?

A

Bureau National Interprofessionel de l’Armagnac

VS or *** barrel for 1-3 years

VSOP 4-9 years

XO or Hors d’Age 10+years

(2013)

86
Q

Coupage

A

cellarmaster will blend a number of barrel selections

87
Q

Vintage bottlingd in Armagnac?

A

must be aged min 10 years

vintage highlights the distinction of particular harvest

88
Q

Cognac producers?

A

Remy Martin
Hennessy
Martell
Courvoisier

89
Q

Armagnacstlye - cognac?

A

Armagnac is more rustic, fiery and more flavorful than Cognac

90
Q

Except Cognac and Armagnac, name other regions of brandy production in France?

A

Fine de Bordeaux
Fine de Bourgogne
Fine de la Marne

(all are rarely seen today)

91
Q

German Brandy.

producer?

A

Asbach Weinbrand

Charentais pot still

using base wine produced from Cognac grapes

92
Q

Spain Brandy?
Name?
Region?
Grapes?

A

Brandy de Jerez
Andalucia- region of Sherry
aged in sinilar solera system
wines based on Airen and Palomino grapes

Brandies labeled:
Solera: age 1 year
Solera Reserva: 3 years
Solera Gran Reserva: 10 years

93
Q

Brandy de Jerez.

producers?

A

most notable Sherry producers also make Brandy de Jerez

Domecq, Emilio Lustau, Osborne

94
Q

What are Aguardente?

A

Brandy from Portugal

95
Q

Italien Brandy?

Grapes used?

A

Buton

Trebbiano (ugni blanc)

96
Q

Pisco?

A

Brandy from Chile and Peru
not aged in wood
base for Pisco Sour Cocktail

97
Q

Pomace?

A

remnantants left after pressing grapes

98
Q

Name some Pomace spirits around the World?

A

Marc (France)
Grappa (Italy)
Bagaceira (Portugal)

99
Q

Best examples for Pomace spirits made in France…

A

Marc de…
Champagne
Alsace
Burgundy

100
Q

Name two Grappa distiller?

A 
Jacopo Poli
Giannola Nonino (first one to deshill Picolit for grappa - produce a aromatic example)
101
Q

Styles of grappa?

A

most are clear

some wood aged may be labeled:
riserva
stravecchia
vecchia
invecchiata

grappa may be aromatized with added herbal, spice or fruit flavor

102
Q

What is Calvados?

A

Eau de Vie destilled from apple and pear cider

produced in the normandy region (northern France)

may be released as vintage or blend of years

103
Q

Calvados’ 3 delimated appellations?

A

Calvados AOC
Calvados Domfrontais AOC
Calvados Pays d’Auge AOC

104
Q

Calvados Production?

A

traditionally destilled twice in a copper pot still

aged for min 2 years in casks

105
Q

Calvados Pays d’Auge

A

Premier region of production

limits pear cider to max 30%

106
Q

Calvados Domfrontais

A

must recent appellation
requires min 30% perry (pear cider)
min 3 years cask

107
Q

Calvados latter may be labeled as…

A

Vieux or Reserve: 3 years age

Vieille Reserve or VSOP: 4 years

XO, Hors d’Auge, Extra or Napoleon: min 6 years

108
Q

Youngest Calvados are labeled as:

A

Fine

109
Q

Notable Eaux de vie are…

A

Kirschwasser (Kirsch - cherries)

Poire William ( Williams - bartlett)

Framboise (Raspberry)

made from plums: Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch, Prunelle

Boukha: Fig (Tunesia)

Barak Palinka: Apricots (Hungary)

110
Q

What is Rum?

A

Destilled spirit from fermented sugarcane or molasses

a byproduct of processing sugarcane into sugar

111
Q

Name the 4 major styles if rum:

A

light rum
dark rum
demerara rum
rhum agricole

112
Q

What is “light rum”?

A

distilled by continuous method
filtered with charcoal after short cask aging
to remove any color

best suited for mixing
as it has little character

113
Q

What is “Damerara Rum”?

A

light rum style unique to Guyana

spirit is distilled from molasses and sometime aged for over a decade prior to release

114
Q

What is Cachaca?

A

Brazilian spirit

is produced from fermented sugarcane and is essentially light rum

115
Q

What is “Dark Rum”?

A

fuller in body
darker in colour
dominated by more complex caramel notes

may be distilled twice in pot still and be aged for a number of years prior to release

116
Q

Why is dark rum dark?

A

aging darkens the spirit, but final color is almost achieved by adding caramel

117
Q

What is Rhum Agricole?

A

French style
produced mainly on Martinique
may only be produced from sugarcane juice
column distillation is mandated in Martinique

118
Q

What can be claim to be the southernmost AOC in France?

A 
Martinique AOC (Caribbean)
for Rhum Agricole
119
Q

What are Spiced Rums?

A

rums flavored with the addition of spice or fruit

f.ex. Captain Morgan

120
Q

What is Tequila?

A

product of fermented juice of the cooked PINA (pineapple) - the heart of the BLUE AGAVE plant

traditional pot still (twice) or continuous method

121
Q

Where does Tequila comes from?

A

Mexico

mainly from JALISCO

122
Q

Where except in Jalisco - Tequila is produced?

A

Guanajuato
Tamaulipas
Nayarit
Michoacan

123
Q

Tequila is made of…

A

only the best is made of 100% blue agave juice

most are mixto (min 51% blue agave - other sugars make up the remainser of the ferment)

124
Q

What means Tequila blanco or Tequila silver?

A

tequila, that is bottled immediately after distillation

125
Q

Tequila Reposado?

A

Tequila aged 60 days to one year in oak casks

126
Q

Tequila Anejo?

A

Tequila that are aged to a maximum of three years in cask

127
Q

Extra Anejo?

A 
new category (since 2006)
Tequilas aged a minimum of 3 years in casks
128
Q

Mezcal?

A

All tequila is mezcal- but not all mezcal is tequila.

Mezcal is distilled liquor produced from fermented agave
pricipially in the state of Oaxaca

129
Q

What is used for Mezcal?

A

distillers typically use maguey (agave americana) or espadin agave ( agave angustifolia) rather than blue agave (agave tequiliana)

130
Q

What may Mezcal be labeled?

A

Reposado

Anejo

131
Q

The infamous worm can be found in some bottles of…

A

Mezcal (mezcal con gusano)

not in tequila!

132
Q

what is a Bitter?

A

base spirit flavored by addition of spices, herbs, roots, fruit or botanicals

133
Q

Name a well known style of “amaro” Bitters?

A

Fernet - Fernet Branca

134
Q

“amaro” Bitters can be devided into 2 categories…

A

those to be anjoyed as:

aperitif (lower alc like campari, aperol,…)

digistif (higher alc like fernet, averna,…)

135
Q

Name Bitters suitable for cocktail falvoring rather than straight drinking?

A

Angustora bitters - produced from base of Rum in Trinidad

136
Q

Name some Bitter Herbal Liqueurs?

A 
Fernet Branca
Averna
Ramazzotti
Cynar
Campari
Aperol
Amer Picon
Suze
Boonekam
Unicum
Jägermeister
137
Q

Fernet Branca?

A

Italy

Herbs, Roots, Spices

138
Q

Averna?

A

Italy

Herbs, Roots, Citrus

139
Q

Ramazzotti?

A

Italy

Roots, Herbs, Orange Peel, Anise

140
Q

Cynar?

A

Italy

Artichoke

141
Q

Campari?

A

Italy

Herbs, Quinine, Rhubarb, Orange

142
Q

Aperol?

A

Italy

Orange, Gentian, Rhubarb

143
Q

Amer Picon

A

France

Orange, Gentian

144
Q

Suze?

A

France

Gentian Root, Herbs

145
Q

Boonekamp?

A

Germany (Underberg)

Herbs, Roots, Spices

146
Q

Unicum

A

Hungary

Herbs, Spices

147
Q

Jägermeister

A

Germany

Herbs, Spices, Fruits

148
Q

Name some fruit liqueurs?

A 
Cointreau
Curacao
Grand Marnier
Van der Hume
Maraschino
Chambord
Creme de Cassis
Cherry Heering
Midori
Tamara
Malibu
Sloe Gin
Limincello
149
Q

Cointreau?

A

France

Orange

150
Q

Curacao

A

Netherlands (Antilles)

Laraha Citrus

151
Q

Grand Marnier?

A

France

Orange - Cognac base

152
Q

Van der Hume

A

South Africa

Tangerine

153
Q

Maraschino?

A

Croatia

Cherry

154
Q

Chombard

A

France

Black Raspberry

155
Q

Creme de cassis

A

France

Blackcurrent

156
Q

Cherry Heering

A

Denmark

Cherry

157
Q

Pisang Ambon?

A

Netherlands

Banana

158
Q

Midori?

A

Japan

Melon

159
Q

Tamara

A

Israel

Dates

160
Q

Malibu

A

Barbados

Coconut
Rum base

161
Q

Sloe Gin?

A

England

Sloe berries
sweetened gin base

162
Q

Limincello

A

Italy

Lemon

163
Q

Name some coffee, cream, nut and egg liqueurs?

A 
Advocaat
Bailey's
Amarula
Tia Maria
Kahlua
Godiva
Frangelico
Amaretto
164
Q

Advocaat?

A

Netherlands

sweetened egg

165
Q

Bailey’s?

A

Ireland

cream & chocolate

166
Q

Amarula

A

South Africa

cream & marula fruit

167
Q

Tia Maria?

A

Jamaica

coffee (rum base)

168
Q

Kahlua?

A

Mexico

coffee (rum base)

169
Q

Godiva?

A

Belgium

Chocolate

170
Q

Frangelico?

A

Italy

hazelnut

171
Q

Amaretto?

A

Italy

Apricot & Almond

172
Q

Whiskey based Liqueurs?

A 
Southern Comfort
Drambuie
Glen Mist
Glayva
Irish Mist
173
Q

Southern Comfort?

A

American Whiskey

Peach, Orange, Spice

174
Q

Drambuie?

A

Scotch Whisky

Heather Honey & Herbs

175
Q

Glen Mist

A

Scotch Whisky

Heather Honey & Herbs

176
Q

Glayva?

A

Scotch Whisky

Honey, Tangerine & Spices

177
Q

Irish Mist

A

irish Whiskey

Honey & Herbs

178
Q

Pernod

A

France

Anise

179
Q

Ricard

A

France

Anise

180
Q

Pastis 51

A

France

Anise

181
Q

Ouzo

A

Greece

Anise

182
Q

Sambuca

A

Italy

Anise & Elderberry

183
Q

Galliano

A

Italy

Herbs, Anise, Vanillia

184
Q

Licor 43

A

Spain

Vanilla, Herbs, Spices

185
Q

Kümmel

A

Denmark

Caraway

186
Q

Benedictine

A

france

Herbs & Spices

187
Q

Chartreuse (green or yellow)

A

France

Herbs, Plants, Roots, Spices

188
Q

B&B

A

France (cocktail originated in NY)

blended Benedictine and Brandy

189
Q

Strega?

A

Italy

Saffron, Herbs, Spices

190
Q

St Germain

A

France

Elderflower

191
Q

Krupnik?

A

Poland

Honey

Advanced Somm (5 decks)

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