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SCS Prep > Spine Study Guide > Flashcards

Spine Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Canadian C-Spine Rules

A

high risk factors (> 65, dangerous mech, paresthesia)
- yes, radiography

NO –> low risk factors that allow for safe assessment for ROM (can sit, ambulatory, absence of midline tender, delayed onset of pain)
- no, radiography

YES –> B rot > 45
- no, radiography

YES - no radiography

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2
Q

C-Spine Fxs

A

Jefferson/Burst - C1
Odontoid - C2
Hangman’s - C2 (post aspect, usually w/ lysthesis)
Clay Shoveler’s - spinous process of C6-T2 (hyperflex)

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3
Q

C-Spine Dislocation

A

more frequent than fx
C - violent flex/rot
E - neck tilted toward side of dislocation

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4
Q

Cervical Myelopathy

A

Hoffman’s, hyperreflex of brachiorad, gait disturbance, Babinski, > 45

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5
Q

Cervical Radic Test Cluster

A 
Positive
- cervical distraction test
- spurling's
- ULTT median
< 60 rot to affected side
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6
Q

Dorsal Scapular

A

C4-C5

rhomboids, LS

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7
Q

Long Thoracic

A

C5-C7

SA

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8
Q

Suprascap

A

C5-C6

infra/supra

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9
Q

Lat Pec

A

C5-C7

pec maj/min

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10
Q

Musculocutaneous

A

C5-C7

coracobrach, brach, biceps

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11
Q

Upper Subscap

A

C5-C6

subscap (upper)

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12
Q

Thoracodorsal

A

C6-C8

lats

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13
Q

Lower Subscap

A

C5-C6

subscap (lower), TM

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14
Q

Axillary

A

C5-C6

ant delt, post TM/delt

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15
Q

Radial

A

C5-T1

triceps, supinator, brachiorad, forearm ext

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16
Q

Med Pec

A

C8-T1

pec maj/min

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17
Q

Ulna

A

C8-T1

2 med lumbricals, med digit profund, intrinsics except thenar

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18
Q

C-Spine X-rays

A

Lateral (initial) - alignment, spacing soft tissues/vertebrae
A/P - alignment, oblique fx
Odontoid - C1-C2 relationship
Swimmer’s - C7-T1

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19
Q

ADI

A

3-5 instability
> 7 disruptions of transverse ligament
> 9-10 risk of neurologic injury (often needs surgery)

important with trauma, Down syndrome, RA

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20
Q

Stinger/Transient Quadriplegia (CET)

A

Associated with cervical stenosis, kyphosis, congenital fusion, cervical instability, herniation, vascular/metabolic abnormalities

C - stretch/traction of brachial plexus; ext w/ root compression, direct blow to plexus
E - weakness, “dead” arm, n/t
T - 1st episode - return after resolution; consecutive - MD visit

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21
Q

C1

A

D - top of head
M - neck flexion
R - none

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22
Q

C2

A

D - suboccipital
M - neck flexion
R - none

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23
Q

C3

A

D - side of neck/jaw
M - lat neck flex
R - none

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24
Q

C4

A

D - top of shoulders
M - sh elevation
R - none

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25
Q

C5

A

D - lat delt
M - abd
R - biceps

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26
Q

C6

A

D - tip of thumb
M - elbow flex, wrist ext
R - brachiorad

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27
Q

C7

A

D - tip of middle finger
M - elbow ext, wrist flex
R - triceps

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28
Q

C8

A

D - 5th finger
M - finger flex
R - none

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29
Q

T1

A

D - ulnar side of forearm
M - finger abd
R - none

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30
Q

Modified Sharp Purser (transverse lig)

A

> 1 mm translation, neurologic symptoms

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31
Q

Alar Ligament

A

C2 spinous process doesn’t move to opp side

32
Q

VAT

A

dizziness, drop attack, diplopia, dysarthria (talk), dysphagia (swallow)

33
Q

Cervical Flex/Rot Test

A

identifies movement dysfunction at C1-C2, restricted ROM, firm resistance

34
Q

Spurling’s Test

A

reproduction of pain or cervical radic

35
Q

ULTT

A

pain, n/t

36
Q

Cervical Distraction

A

symptoms dec w/ distraction

37
Q

Diaphragm

A

C4

38
Q

Heart

A

T3-T4

39
Q

Esophagus

A

T4-T5

40
Q

Stomach

A

T8

41
Q

Small Intestine

A

T10

42
Q

Colon

A

T11

43
Q

Gall Bladder and Liver

A

T8-T11

44
Q

Kidney and Testes

A

T10-T11

45
Q

Bladder

A

T11-L1

46
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

gall bladder, T8-T11

lower border of ribs at medial of lowest angle

47
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

appendix

midway between ASIS and umbilicus on R side

48
Q

Thoracic Pain Conditions

A

breast cancer, osteoporosis, compression fx, spondylodiscitis, visceral disorders, PE

49
Q

Scoliosis

A

Functional - muscle spasm or LLD
Structural - idiopathic, irreversible curve
E - Adam’s bend test, Cobb angle
T - surgery if > 45 deg

R may compromise CP function with inc deg

50
Q

Scheurmann’s (CET)

A

C - thoracic kyphosis from wedge fx 5 deg or in 3+ consecutive vertebrae
E - kyphosis w/ or w/o pain, pt tender at spinous process
T - prevention, ext exercises, postural edu

gymnastics and swimming most common

51
Q

L1

A

D - iliac crest region
M - psoas (hip flex)
R - none

52
Q

L2

A

D - ant thigh
M - psoas (hip flex)
R - none

53
Q

L3

A

D - ant lower thigh
M - quads (hip/knee ext)
R - pat tendon

54
Q

L4

A

D - medial calf, big toe
M - tib and (knee ext, DF)
R - pat tendon

55
Q

L5

A

D - lat leg, ant foot
M - ext hall (DF)
R - none

56
Q

S1

A

D - lower 1/2 post calf, sole of foot, lat 2 toes
M - flex hall, gastroc (PF, eve)
R - Achilles

57
Q

S2

A

D - post thigh, sole and plantar heel
M - HS
R - lat HS

58
Q

Red Flags

A

cauda equine, urinary changes, loss of sphincter tone, dec sacral ext, gait disturbance

59
Q

Stork Test

A

pain in area of spondylolisthesis

60
Q

SLR 30

A

hip/nerve irritation

61
Q

SLR 30-60

A

sciatic nerve irritation

62
Q

SLR 70-90

A

SIJ involvement

63
Q

Kernig’s Sign

A

back pain indicative of nerve root irritation

64
Q

Brudzinski’s Sign

A

lumbar disc involvement or nerve irritation

65
Q

FABER

A

pain in inguinal region = hip

pain w/ OP = SIJ

66
Q

Prone Instability Test (PITT)

A

test for likelihood pt responds positively to spinal stabilization program

67
Q

SIJ Provocation Tests

A

distraction, compression, thigh thrust, SIJ thrust, Gaenslen’s

68
Q

Spondylolysis (CET)

A

C - repetitive hyperextension, pars interarticularis defect
E - pain w/ ext, oblique X-ray, “scotty dog”
T - activity modification, rest, possible surgery

69
Q

AS (CET)

A

C - inflammatory disease that can cause fusing of spine
E - insidious onset, LBP, < 40 onset, worse in AM, improves with exercise
T - ROM, positioning, NSAIDs

70
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome (CET)

A

C - nerve roots compressed shutting off movement and sensation; herniation, tumor, infection
E - bower/bladder changes, sensation changes, LBP, weaknes
T - ROM, positioning NSAIDs

71
Q

Disc Herniation (CET)

A

C - forward bending/twisting (wt lifters, collision sports)
E - dec lumbar motion, abnormal gait, weakness, dec reflexes
T - directional preference, possible surgery

72
Q

Vertebral Osteomyelitis (CET)

A

C - bacterial infection
E - pain, febrile, loss of lordosis
T - immob, anti-biotics

73
Q

CPR Spinal Manip

A 
no pain below knee
< 16 days
< 19 FABQ
\+ PA glide
> 35 hip IR
74
Q

Cluster for Stabilization Exercises

A

< 40
ASLR > 91
+ PITT
aberrant movement present (catch, painful arc, Gower’s sign)

75
Q

Cluster for Mechanical Traction

A

< 21 FABQ
no neuro deficit involvement
> 30
non-manual job

76
Q

Cluster for Spinal Stenosis

A 
B symptoms
leg > back symptoms
pain during walking/sitting
relief with sitting
> 48

SCS Prep (16 decks)

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