Spine Movement Flashcards
Extensors of head and neck
Rectus capitis dorsalis major et minor (head) Multifidi cervicis Obliquus capitis cranialis and caudalis Spinalis cervicis Semispinalis capitis Longissimus capitis et atlantis Iliocostalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis Splenius capitis et cervicis Omotransversarius Trapeziums (pars cervicalis) Rhomboideus (pars cervicalis) Serratus ventralis cervicis
Where do the extensors of the atlanto-occipital joint lie?
Dorsal surface of the nuchal curve (some cross the cervicothoracic curve)
What else do the extrinsic extensors of the neck do?
Protract the forelimb if attached to scapula
Where do the muscles that flex the atlanto-occipital joint lie?
Ventral to nuchal curve
Some lie
more caudally and flex the cervicothoracic curve
Flexors of the head and neck
Sternocephalicus (pars mandibularis flexes head also)
Rectus capitis ventralis
Rectus capitis lateralis (atlanto-occipital joint)
Longus capitis (at nuchal curve)
Brachiocephalicus
Scalenus (medius and ventralis)
Postural muscles of head and neck
Multifidi cervicis
Longus colli
Intertransversarii
Hyperactive, slow twitch muscles fibres
Can provide lateral movement and rotation when one side is activated
Rotation
Movement of any body part that twists on its axis
Muscles that rotate the spine
Small muscles found close the vertebral column (paraspinal muscles)
Rotators of head and neck
Multifidus cervicis
Obliquus capitis caudalis et cranialis
Intertransversarii muscles
Muscles that bend the neck laterally
Sternocephalicus (pars mandibularis) Rhomboideus pars cervicalis Serratus ventralis cervicis Brachiocephalicus Omotransversarius Rectus capitis ventralis Rectus capitis lateralis Longus capitis Semispinalis capitis Longissimus capitis et atlantis Scalenus Iliocostalis cervicis Longissimus cervicis Splenius capitis et cervicis
Epaxial muscle definition
Muscles arranged longitudinally dorsal to the vertebral transverse processes that extend the spine (hollow the back) and flex the spine when acting unilaterally
Extensors of the trunk (epaxial muscles)
Multifidi thoracis Spinalis thoracis Longissimus thoracis et lumborum Iliocostalis thoracis et lumborum Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis et lateralis Serratus dorsalis cranialis et caudalis Retractor costae muscles
Hypaxial muscles definition
Longitudinal muscles lying ventral to the transverse processes that flex the spine (arch back)
Flexors of the trunk (hypaxial muscles)
Psoas Rectus abdominis Obliquus internus abdominis Obliquus externus abdominis Quadratus lumborum
Postural muscles of the spine
Quadratus lumborum
Multifidi thoracis et lumborum
