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Vocab and Terminology (EQ50) > Limb Movement > Flashcards

Limb Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperextension

A

When a joint goes beyond its normal RoM

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2
Q

Palmar

A

Forelimb fetlock

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3
Q

Planter

A

Hindlimb fetlock

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4
Q

Flexion

A

Size of angle formed is nearly always reduced

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5
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the size of an angle between bones

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6
Q

Protraction

A

Forward movement of entire limb in relation to trunk (only bears weight when moving backwards)

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7
Q

How is forelimb protraction brought about?

A

Muscle contraction and release of energy stored in elastic tissue in stance phase

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8
Q

Primary muscles used in forelimb protraction

A

Brachiocephalicus
Omotransversarius
These muscles have long fascicles that facilitate long ranges of movement (Payne et al., 2005).

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9
Q

Main elastic elements used in forelimb protraction

A

Lacertus fibrosus and its tendinous continuation through the belly of biceps brachii

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10
Q

Use of trapezius (pars cervicalis) in forelimb protraction

A

Pulls scapula forward over the lateral aspect of the thorax (if the limb is seen as having a fixed axis
of rotation roughly on a level with the shoulder joint then this muscle would rotate the limb about
this axis and cause retraction, at least of the part of the limb distal to the point of rotation)

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11
Q

Intrinsic muscles used in forelimb protraction

A

Biceps brachii
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor digitorum communis

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12
Q

Main protractors of the hindlimb

A

Gluteus superficialis
Tensor fasciae latae
Psoas major
Iliacus

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13
Q

Intrinsic muscles used in hindlimb protraction

A

Rectus femoris
Flexors of the hock (e.g. tibialis cranialis)
Extensors of the digit (e.g. extensor digitorum longus)

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14
Q

What ensures the hind hoof clears the ground during swing phase?

A

Reciprocal apparatus ensure the hock is flexed, this then extends the hock at the end of the phase in order to meet the required length of the stride

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15
Q

Retraction

A

Backward movement of the entire limb in relation to the trunk

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16
Q

Primary muscles used in forelimb retraction

A

Latissimus dorsi
Ascending part of pectoral muscle
Trapezius, serratus ventralis and rhomboideus have fibres arranged in a fan, in which some of assist in retraction

17
Q

Retraction of the forelimb in stance phase

A

Elbow remains extended, which is achieved mostly by the contraction of the triceps bracii

18
Q

Muscles used in hindlimb retraction

A 
Middle gluteal muscle
Hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimenbranosus)
19
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of the limb away from the median plane (e.g. cow kicking)
Only possible in shoulder and hip (ball and socket joints)

20
Q

Muscles used in forelimb abduction

A

Trapezius
Rhomboideus
Infraspinatus
Deltoideus

21
Q

Muscles used in hindlimb abduction

A

Gluteal muscle group
Biceps femoris
Tensor fasciae latae

22
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of the limb towards the median plane (e.g. half pass)

23
Q

Muscles used in forelimb adduction

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Pectoral muscles including subclavius

24
Q

Muscles used in hindlimb adduction

A 
Adductor
Iliacus
Psoas major
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
25
Q

Circumduction

A

When the hoof traces and arc as it moves forward (paddling or winging)
Made up from a combination of protraction and abduction

26
Q

Pronation

A

Entire limb rotated inward

27
Q

Supination

A

Outward rotation of the limb

28
Q

Muscles used in forelimb pronation

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Brachiocephalicus

29
Q

Muscles used in inward rotation of hindlimb

A

Tensor fasciae latae
Gluteus superficialis
Semimembranosus
Gluteus profundus

30
Q

Muscles used in outward rotation of forelimb

A

Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Deltoideus

31
Q

Muscles used in outward rotation of hindlimb

A

Iliacus
Sartorius
Psoas major
Several small muscles immediately behind the femoral head

Vocab and Terminology (EQ50) (8 decks)

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