Spine MMT Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Flexion

A
  • Muscles: SCM, longus capitis, longus colli, rectus capitis anterior, anterior scalene
  • Position: supine, shoulders 90 deg abd, elbow 90 deg flex, forearms resting on table
  • Motion: tuck chin toward chest, lift into flexion
  • Stabilize: abdominals help fixate thorax; may stabilize anterior aspect of thorax
  • Palpation: SCM: proximal to medial aspect of clavicle or sternum; Long Cap/Colli: anterolateral surface vertebrae deep to SCM; RCA: too deep; Ant Scalene: above clavicle & posterior to SCM
  • Resistance: on forehead, in direction of neck extension
  • **No gravity-lessened
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2
Q

Cervical Extension

A
  • Muscles: neck extensors
  • Position: prone, neck neutral rotation, shoulders 90 deg abd, elbows flexed, forearms on table
  • Motion: cervical extension
  • Stabilize: upper thorax
  • Palpation: posterior aspect of C-spine
  • Resistance: occiput in the direction of neck flexion
  • **No gravity-lessened
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3
Q

Cervical Rotation (Anterolateral Neck Flexion)

A
  • Muscles: (unilateral) sternocleidomastoid
  • Position: supine, head opposite side, shoulders 90 deg abd, elbows flex 90 deg, forearms rest on table
  • Motion: rotate away, lift off surface
  • Stabilize: abdominals help fixate thorax; may stabilize anterior aspect of thorax
  • Palpation: from mastoid process to sternum or clavicle
  • Resistance: lateral aspect of the skull toward table
  • **No gravity-lessened
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4
Q

Cervical Lateral Flexion

A
  • Primary muscle(s): upper trap
  • Position: sitting
  • Stabilize: none, bilateral test
  • Palpation: lateral to cervical spinous processes
  • Resistance: superior aspect shoulder, towards depression
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5
Q

Lumbar Flexion 1

A
  • Muscles: rectus abdominus
  • Position: supine, hands behind head, lower extremities extended, lumbar spine flat against surface (posterior pelvic tilt)
  • PROM: assist pt to flex trunk to clear scapula
  • Stabilize: none
  • Palpation: anterior aspect of the trunk lateral to midline
  • Resistance: graded
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6
Q

Lumbar Flexion 1 MMT Scale

A

5: hands behind head
4: arms folded across chest, all scapula off surface

3+: arms at sides + all scapula off surface

3: arms at sides + inferior scapula remain in contact with surface
2: raises head and cervical spine, all scapula in contact with surface
1: palpable contraction

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7
Q

Lumbar Flexion 2

A
  • Muscles: rectus, EO
  • Position: supine, arms across chest, hips flex 90 deg, knees extended
  • Action: place hand behind low back, slowly lower legs toward table instruct pt to keep back pressed into surface
  • Stabilize: none
  • Palpation: anterior aspect of the trunk lateral to midline
  • Patient action: lower legs while keep back flat – end where no longer maintain pelvic tilt
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8
Q

Lumbar Flexion 2 MMT Scale

A

5: able lower legs completely

4+: 15 deg b/t table and LE

4: 30 deg

4-: 45 deg

3+: 60 deg

3: 70 deg
2: > 75 deg
1: palpable contraction

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9
Q

Lumbar Extension

A
  • Muscles: erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), transversospinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversali, quadratus lumborum
  • Position: prone, hands behind head, pillow under abdomen, lower extremities extended
  • PROM: assist motion in lumbar extension, entire sternum including xiphoid clears table
  • Stabilize: posterior aspect of thighs and pelvis
  • Palpation: lateral to spinous process of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
  • Resistance: graded
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10
Q

Lumbar Extension MMT Scale

A

5: hands behind head
4: arms folded behind back, all sternum off surface
3: arms at sides + all sternum off surface
2: arms at sides, partial ROM
1: palpable contraction

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11
Q

Lumbar Rotation – Gravity Resisted

A
  • Muscles: external and internal obliques
  • Position: supine, hands behind head, legs extended
  • Motion: trunk rotation and flexion and clear scapula from surface (ipsilateral IO and contralateral EO)
  • Stabilize: anterior aspect of lower extremity
  • Palpation: external: lower edge of rib cage; internal: medial to & above ASIS
  • Resistance: graded
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12
Q

Lumbar Rotation MMT Scale

A

5: hands behind head
4: arms folded across chest, all scapula off surface
3: arms at sides, all scapula off surface

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13
Q

Lumbar Rotation – Gravity Lessend

A
  • Muscles: external and internal obliques
  • Position: sitting, arms at sides
  • Motion: trunk rotation
  • Stabilize: anterior pelvis
  • Palpation: side standing on - external: lower edge of rib cage
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14
Q

Pelvic Elevation

A
  • Muscles: quadratus lumborum, iliocostalis lumborum
  • Position: supine or prone, hip slight abduction and feet off end table
  • PROM: elevate patient’s pelvis
  • Stabilize: pt holds edge of table
  • Palpation: typically too deep to palpate
  • Resistance: proximal to ankle, pull caudally
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15
Q

Pelvic Elevation MMT Scale

A

5: max resistance
4: mod resistance
3: min resistance
2: elevates pelvis thru full ROM
1: palpable contraction

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