Spine and Spinal Pathologies Flashcards
Lordotic
Cervical and lumbar
Vertebrobasilar Insufficency
Cervical Spine has 20% of blood supply to the brain.
Caution when; ranging the neck and positioning.
What are the functions of the spine
Stable base
Protection
Weight disturbing
Posture
Spinal Motions
Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
Rotation
Kyphotic
Thoracic, sacral and coccyx.
What potion of the spine we are born with?
Kyphotic (Thoracic)
Torticollis
SCM tightness- cervical spine side bents toward muscle and rotated away.
Most cases resolve with minimal intervention.
Most cases are soon after birth
Some require bracing or surgery.
What are some contradictions/precautions for Torticollis?
NO ROM
Splinting
Spinal Stenosis (Myelopathy).
Impingement of the spinal cord.
CNS injury - different symptoms and healing potential than PNS.
Spinal Stenosis (Radiculopathy)
Impingement of one or more nerve roots.
PNS injury - however, still ay not heal as the anatomy is different here.
If spinal stenosis is advanced enough it requires?
Laminectomy or fusion.
Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the causes ?
Acute trauma, most common is a osteoporosis.
Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the results?
Explosion of vertebral body
Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the Precautions/Contradictions ?
No bending, No twisting, No lifting (BLT).
Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. Is highly related to?
Osteoporosis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Inflammation of the junction and related structures.
Creation of bone that looks like Bamboo spine.
Loss of ROM
Usually in young man
Fusion of the spine structures.
Spondylosis
Degenerative changes of the spine (arthritis).
Spondylolysis
Is a spine stress fracture of parts of interarticularis
spondylolisthesis
Slippage of one vertebra over another.
Usually happens at the Lumbar/sacral region.
What are the functions of the spine?
To protect the spine cord and internal organs and for posture, stability and movement.
What is the function of the vertebral body?
It is a weight-bearing structure.
Why do vertebral bodies get larger as you go from the cervical spine down to the lumbar spine?
Because more weight is distributed into the lumbar vertebrae than the cervical vertebrae
What is the function of the pedicles and where are they?
To connect the vertebral body to the rest of the vertebra, and to distribute forces from the posterior portions of the vertebra into the vertebral body.
Who many costal facets does the T5 vertebral have?
Three on each side for a total of 6
What are the true ribs, and what does that mea?
Ribs 1 to 7, they have a direct connection to the sternum via costal cartilage.
Which are the false ribs, and what does that mea?
Ribs 8-10 share a costal cartilage with the ribs above.
Which are the floating ribs, and what does that mean?
Ribs 11 and 12 do not connect to the sternum or costal cartilage.
Which spinal curves are primary?
The kyphotic curves. Thoracic and sacral
Why is our spine curved rather than in a vertical stack like blocks?
It is better able to absorb forces that way and is more flexible for movement.
Where are the stress risers in the spine? why there?
C7-T1, T12-L1, L5-S1. They are transition points between mobile segments and stable segments so the risk of increased shearing forces and injury there.
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior to the vertebral bodies. It resists extension
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior to the vertebral bodies. Resists flexion
Ligamentum Flavum
Between the lamina of the vertebra (above and below_ and resists flexion
Interspinous Ligament
Between spinous processes and resists flexion
Supraspinous Ligament
Posterior to and along the tips of the spinous processes and resists flexion
Intertransverse Ligament
Between transverse processes and resists side-bending.
What spinal motion puts the most strain on the IV discs?
Flexion. Especially with weight bearing.
Which two motions are most likely to put pressure on the vertebral arteries?
Extension and rotation
Which vertebrae is rib 7 attached to and how?
T6 at the inferior portion of the vertebral body, and T7 at the superior portion of the vertebral body as well as transverse process.
Spondylolisthesis?
One vertebra moving anteriorly over another.
Creating lack of alignment.
Can put pressure on the spinal cord or cauda equina.
Which region of the spine has the most available motion?
Cervical
Which set of vertebrae can get the most rotation?
C1 on C2
What motion is the lumbar spine most capable of?
Flexion/extension
What is the function of the erector spinae muscle and how are they arranged?
Extension of the spine.
IIiocostalis is the outermost away from the spinous processes?
Longissimus and spinalis closest to the spinous processes (most medial).
