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Functional Anatomy > Spine and Spinal Pathologies > Flashcards

Spine and Spinal Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Lordotic

A

Cervical and lumbar

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2
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficency

A

Cervical Spine has 20% of blood supply to the brain.

Caution when; ranging the neck and positioning.

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3
Q

What are the functions of the spine

A

Stable base

Protection

Weight disturbing

Posture

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4
Q

Spinal Motions

A

Flexion

Extension

Lateral Flexion

Rotation

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5
Q

Kyphotic

A

Thoracic, sacral and coccyx.

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6
Q

What potion of the spine we are born with?

A

Kyphotic (Thoracic)

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7
Q

Torticollis

A

SCM tightness- cervical spine side bents toward muscle and rotated away.

Most cases resolve with minimal intervention.

Most cases are soon after birth

Some require bracing or surgery.

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8
Q

What are some contradictions/precautions for Torticollis?

A

NO ROM

Splinting

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9
Q

Spinal Stenosis (Myelopathy).

A

Impingement of the spinal cord.

CNS injury - different symptoms and healing potential than PNS.

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10
Q

Spinal Stenosis (Radiculopathy)

A

Impingement of one or more nerve roots.

PNS injury - however, still ay not heal as the anatomy is different here.

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11
Q

If spinal stenosis is advanced enough it requires?

A

Laminectomy or fusion.

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12
Q

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the causes ?

A

Acute trauma, most common is a osteoporosis.

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13
Q

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the results?

A

Explosion of vertebral body

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14
Q

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the Precautions/Contradictions ?

A

No bending, No twisting, No lifting (BLT).

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15
Q

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. Is highly related to?

A

Osteoporosis

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16
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Inflammation of the junction and related structures.

Creation of bone that looks like Bamboo spine.

Loss of ROM

Usually in young man

Fusion of the spine structures.

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17
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degenerative changes of the spine (arthritis).

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18
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Is a spine stress fracture of parts of interarticularis

19
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

Slippage of one vertebra over another.

Usually happens at the Lumbar/sacral region.

20
Q

What are the functions of the spine?

A

To protect the spine cord and internal organs and for posture, stability and movement.

21
Q

What is the function of the vertebral body?

A

It is a weight-bearing structure.

22
Q

Why do vertebral bodies get larger as you go from the cervical spine down to the lumbar spine?

A

Because more weight is distributed into the lumbar vertebrae than the cervical vertebrae

23
Q

What is the function of the pedicles and where are they?

A

To connect the vertebral body to the rest of the vertebra, and to distribute forces from the posterior portions of the vertebra into the vertebral body.

24
Q

Who many costal facets does the T5 vertebral have?

A

Three on each side for a total of 6

25
Q

What are the true ribs, and what does that mea?

A

Ribs 1 to 7, they have a direct connection to the sternum via costal cartilage.

26
Q

Which are the false ribs, and what does that mea?

A

Ribs 8-10 share a costal cartilage with the ribs above.

27
Q

Which are the floating ribs, and what does that mean?

A

Ribs 11 and 12 do not connect to the sternum or costal cartilage.

28
Q

Which spinal curves are primary?

A

The kyphotic curves. Thoracic and sacral

29
Q

Why is our spine curved rather than in a vertical stack like blocks?

A

It is better able to absorb forces that way and is more flexible for movement.

30
Q

Where are the stress risers in the spine? why there?

A

C7-T1, T12-L1, L5-S1. They are transition points between mobile segments and stable segments so the risk of increased shearing forces and injury there.

31
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Anterior to the vertebral bodies. It resists extension

32
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Anterior to the vertebral bodies. Resists flexion

33
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Between the lamina of the vertebra (above and below_ and resists flexion

34
Q

Interspinous Ligament

A

Between spinous processes and resists flexion

35
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A

Posterior to and along the tips of the spinous processes and resists flexion

36
Q

Intertransverse Ligament

A

Between transverse processes and resists side-bending.

37
Q

What spinal motion puts the most strain on the IV discs?

A

Flexion. Especially with weight bearing.

38
Q

Which two motions are most likely to put pressure on the vertebral arteries?

A

Extension and rotation

39
Q

Which vertebrae is rib 7 attached to and how?

A

T6 at the inferior portion of the vertebral body, and T7 at the superior portion of the vertebral body as well as transverse process.

40
Q

Spondylolisthesis?

A

One vertebra moving anteriorly over another.

Creating lack of alignment.

Can put pressure on the spinal cord or cauda equina.

41
Q

Which region of the spine has the most available motion?

A

Cervical

42
Q

Which set of vertebrae can get the most rotation?

A

C1 on C2

43
Q

What motion is the lumbar spine most capable of?

A

Flexion/extension

44
Q

What is the function of the erector spinae muscle and how are they arranged?

A

Extension of the spine.

IIiocostalis is the outermost away from the spinous processes?

Longissimus and spinalis closest to the spinous processes (most medial).

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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